CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 73Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and SensorsZnO doping and propertiesCatalytic Processes in Materials Science

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

ppb-Level Selective Hydrogen Gas Detection of Pd-Functionalized In2O3-Loaded ZnO Nanofiber Gas Sensors

Open access
Lee, Jae-Hyoung, Kim, Jae-Hun, Kim, Jin-Young, Mirzaei, Ali, Kim, Hyoun Woo, Kim, Sang Sub·2019·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s19194276PMC PMC6806323
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Pd nanoparticle-functionalized, xIn2O3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15)-loaded ZnO nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation method and assessed for their hydrogen gas sensing properties. Morphological and chemical analyses revealed the desired morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized nanofibers. The optimal gas sensor namely Pd-functionalized, 0.1In2O3-loaded ZnO nanofibers showed a very strong response to 172–50 ppb hydrogen gas at 350 °C, which is regarded as the optimal sensing temperature. Furthermore, the gas sensors showed excellent selectivity to hydrogen gas due to the much lower response to CO and NO2 gases. The enhanced gas response was attributed to the excellent catalytic activity of Pd to hydrogen gas, and the formation of Pd/ZnO and In2O3/ZnO heterojunctions, ZnO–ZnO homojunction, as well as the formation of PdHx. Overall, highly sensitive and selective hydrogen gas sensors can be produced based on a simple methodology using a synergistic effect from Pd functionalization and In2O3 loading in ZnO nanofibers.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/s19194276

Cites

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of In2O3-loaded ZnO nanofibers (NFs) with different amounts of In2O3 (a) as-spun In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (b) Calcined 0.05 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs, (c) calcined 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs (d) calcined 0.15 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (e) FE-SEM images of calcined Pd nanoparticle (NP)-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs (f) XRD patterns of 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs and Pd-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO nanofibers. (g) A typical TEM image of 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (h) High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (i-1)–(i-4) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping analysis of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs.
Figure 1 Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of In2O3-loaded ZnO nanofibers (NFs) with different amounts of In2O3 (a) as-spun In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (b) Calcined 0.05 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs, (c) calcined 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs (d) calcined 0.15 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (e) FE-SEM images of calcined Pd nanoparticle (NP)-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs (f) XRD patterns of 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs and Pd-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO nanofibers. (g) A typical TEM image of 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (h) High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs. (i-1)–(i-4) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping analysis of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 (a) Dynamic resistance curves of the 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensor to various concentrations of hydrogen gas at different temperatures. (b) Response versus sensing temperature. (c) Dynamic resistance curves of the In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs with different In2O3 loadings to various concentrations of hydrogen gas at 350 °C. (d) Calibration curves of pristine ZnO [42], pure Pd NPs (at 200 °C), and In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs with different In2O3 contents. (e) Dynamic resistance curves of 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs and Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensors to different concentrations of H2 at 350 °C. (f) Response versus H2 gas concentration. (g) Dynamic resistance curves of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensors to different concentrations of NO2, H2, and CO gases at 350 °C. (h) Selectivity histogram of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensor.
Figure 2 (a) Dynamic resistance curves of the 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensor to various concentrations of hydrogen gas at different temperatures. (b) Response versus sensing temperature. (c) Dynamic resistance curves of the In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs with different In2O3 loadings to various concentrations of hydrogen gas at 350 °C. (d) Calibration curves of pristine ZnO [42], pure Pd NPs (at 200 °C), and In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs with different In2O3 contents. (e) Dynamic resistance curves of 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs and Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensors to different concentrations of H2 at 350 °C. (f) Response versus H2 gas concentration. (g) Dynamic resistance curves of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensors to different concentrations of NO2, H2, and CO gases at 350 °C. (h) Selectivity histogram of Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensor.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 (a) Dynamic resistance curves of the fresh and 12-months-aged Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensor. (b) Corresponding calibration curves.
Figure 3 (a) Dynamic resistance curves of the fresh and 12-months-aged Pd NP-functionalized 0.1 In2O3-loaded ZnO NFs gas sensor. (b) Corresponding calibration curves.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 (a,c,e) ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) spectra of ZnO, In2O3, and Pd. (b,d,f) cutoff values of UPS spectra for ZnO, In2O3, and Pd, respectively.
Figure 4 (a,c,e) ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) spectra of ZnO, In2O3, and Pd. (b,d,f) cutoff values of UPS spectra for ZnO, In2O3, and Pd, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 (a) Energy levels of In2O3 and ZnO before and after contact in a vacuum. (b) Energy levels of ZnO and In2O3 after contact in air and hydrogen atmospheres. (c) Energy levels of Pd and ZnO before and after contact in air and hydrogen atmospheres. (d) Electronic and chemical sensitization effects of Pd.
Figure 5 (a) Energy levels of In2O3 and ZnO before and after contact in a vacuum. (b) Energy levels of ZnO and In2O3 after contact in air and hydrogen atmospheres. (c) Energy levels of Pd and ZnO before and after contact in air and hydrogen atmospheres. (d) Electronic and chemical sensitization effects of Pd.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 53

  1. Dincer, 2018, Smart energy solutions with hydrogen options, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43, 8579, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.120 · DOI
  2. Kamal, 2017, High performance NiO decorated graphene as a potential H2 gas sensor, J. Alloy. Compd., 729, 1058, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.124 · DOI
  3. Kim, 2019, Design of supersensitive and selective ZnO nanofiber based sensors for H2 gas sensing by electron beam irradiation, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 293, 210, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.113 · DOI
  4. Mirzaei, A., Kim, J.-H., Kim, H.W., and Kim, S.S. (2019). Gasochromic WO3 nanostructures for the detection of hydrogen gas: An overview. Appl. Sci., 9. · DOI
  5. Palmisano, 2014, Developments in gas sensor technology for hydrogen safety, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39, 20474, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.042 · DOI
  6. Black, 2011, Hydrogen sensors: A review, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 157, 329, 10.1016/j.snb.2011.04.070 · DOI
  7. Kumar, 2019, Nano lily-buds garden like ZnO nanostructures based gas sensor for H2 detection, Mater. Lett., 240, 13, 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.12.113 · DOI
  8. Kim, 2018, Amorphous Pd-assisted H2 detection of ZnO nanorod gas sensor with enhanced sensitivity and stability, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 262, 460, 10.1016/j.snb.2018.02.025 · DOI
  9. Drmosh, 2019, UV-activated gold decorated rGO/ZnO heterostructured nanocomposite sensor for efficient room temperature H2 detection, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 290, 666, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.03.077 · DOI
  10. Zhu, 2017, Room-temperature gas sensing of ZnO-based gas sensor: A review, Sens. Actuators A Phys., 267, 242, 10.1016/j.sna.2017.10.021 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Mondal, 2014, ZnO–SnO2 based composite type gas sensor for selective hydrogen sensing, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 194, 389, 10.1016/j.snb.2013.12.093 · DOI
  12. Katoch, 2015, Importance of the nanograin size on the H2S-sensing properties of ZnO–CuO composite nanofibers, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 214, 111, 10.1016/j.snb.2015.03.012 · DOI
  13. Lupan, 2018, Ultra-sensitive and selective hydrogen nanosensor with fast response at room temperature based on a single Pd/ZnO nanowire, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 254, 1259, 10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.200 · DOI
  14. Fan, 2017, Hydrogen sensing properties of Pt-Au bimetallic nanoparticles loaded on ZnO nanorods, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 241, 895, 10.1016/j.snb.2016.11.025 · DOI
  15. Galstyan, 2015, Nanostructured ZnO chemical gas sensors, Ceram. Int., 41, 14239, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.052 · DOI
  16. Liu, 2019, Rational design of sensitivity enhanced and stability improved tea gas sensor assembled with Pd nanoparticles-functionalized In2O3 composites, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 285, 1, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.029 · DOI
  17. Chava, 2019, Fabrication of aggregated In2O3 nanospheres for highly sensitive acetaldehyde gas sensors, J. Alloy. Compd., 772, 834, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.183 · DOI
  18. Haiduk, 2019, Study of WO3–In2O3 nanocomposites for highly sensitive CO and NO2 gas sensors, J. Solid State Chem., 273, 25, 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.02.023 · DOI
  19. Liu, 2018, Synthesis of Ce-doped In2O3 nanostructure for gas sensor applications, Appl. Surf. Sci., 428, 478, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.177 · DOI
  20. An, 2019, ZnO-enhanced In2O3 based sensors for n-butanol gas, Ceram. Int., 45, 6869, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.12.182 · DOI
  21. Liu, 2018, High response and selectivity of single crystalline ZnO nanorods modified by In2O3 nanoparticles for n-butanol gas sensing, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 277, 144, 10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.144 · DOI
  22. Lee, 2013, Selective and sensitive detection of trimethylamine using ZnO–In2O3 composite nanofibers, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 181, 463, 10.1016/j.snb.2013.02.008 · DOI
  23. Rambu, 2011, Polycrystalline ZnO–In2O3 thin films as gas sensors, Thin Solid Films, 520, 1303, 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.04.158 · DOI
  24. Chi, 2014, Synthesis of pristine In2O3/ZnO–In2O3 composited nanotubes and investigate the enhancement of their acetone sensing properties, Mat. Sci. Semicon. Process., 27, 494, 10.1016/j.mssp.2014.07.032 · DOI
  25. Huang, 2018, Enhanced gas-sensing performance of ZnO@In2O3 core@shell nanofibers prepared by coaxial electrospinning, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 255, 2248, 10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.022 · DOI
  26. Espid, 2017, Development of highly sensitive ZnO/In2O3 composite gas sensor activated by UV-LED, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 241, 828, 10.1016/j.snb.2016.10.129 · DOI
  27. Li, 2016, Hierarchical morphology-dependent gas-sensing performances of three-dimensional SnO2 nanostructures, ACS Sens., 2, 102, 10.1021/acssensors.6b00597 · DOI
  28. Alenezi, 2014, From 1D and 2D ZnO nanostructures to 3D hierarchical structures with enhanced gas sensing properties, Nanoscale, 6, 235, 10.1039/C3NR04519F · DOI
  29. Zhang, 2016, Fabrication and characterization of an ultrasensitive humidity sensor based on metal oxide/graphene hybrid nanocomposite, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 225, 233, 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.024 · DOI
  30. Abideen, 2017, Electrospun metal oxide composite nanofibers gas sensors: A review, J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 54, 366, 10.4191/kcers.2017.54.5.12 · DOI
  31. Libardi, 2018, Characterization and Electrical Response to Humidity of Sintered Polymeric Electrospun fibers of vanadium oxide (TiO2-WO3), J. Electron. Mater., 47, 2710, 10.1007/s11664-018-6112-1 · DOI
  32. 2019, TiO2/WO3 heterogeneous structures prepared by electrospinning and sintering steps: Characterization and analysis of the impedance variation to humidity, J. Adv. Ceram., 8, 1
  33. Kim, 2019, Pd functionalization on ZnO nanowires for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity to hydrogen gas, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 297, 126693, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.126693 · DOI
  34. Phan, 2015, A large detectable-range, high-response and fast-response resistivity hydrogen sensor based on Pt/Pd core–shell hybrid with graphene, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 220, 962, 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.029 · DOI
  35. Kim, 2018, SnO2 (n)-NiO (p) composite nanowebs: Gas sensing properties and sensing mechanisms, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 258, 204, 10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.063 · DOI
  36. Lee, J.-H., Kim, J.-Y., Mirzaei, A., Kim, H.W., and Kim, S.S. (2018). Significant enhancement of hydrogen-sensing properties of ZnO nanofibers through NiO loading. Nanomaterials, 8. · DOI
  37. Kim, 2019, Variation of shell thickness in ZnO-SnO2 core-shell nanowires for optimizing sensing behaviors to CO, C6H6, and C7H8 gases, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 302, 127150, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.127150 · DOI
  38. Xiao, 2017, Fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 nanospheres and their ultrasensitive NO2 sensing properties, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 248, 519, 10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.022 · DOI
  39. Lu, 2017, Abnormal room temperature ferromagnetism in CuO/ZnO nanocomposites via hydrothermal method, Appl. Surf. Sci., 399, 396, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.12.113 · DOI
  40. Tong, 2013, In-situ decoration of Pd nanocrystals on crystalline mesoporous NiO nanosheets for effective hydrogen gas sensors, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 38, 12090, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.120 · DOI
  41. Hou, 2018, Packaging BiVO4 nanoparticles in ZnO microbelts for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, Electrochim. Acta, 283, 497, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.148 · DOI
  42. Katoch, 2016, Grain size tuned highly H2 selective chemiresistive sensors based on ZnO−SnO2 composite nanofibers, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 2486, 10.1021/acsami.5b08416 · DOI
  43. Kim, 2019, Improving the hydrogen sensing properties of SnO2 nanowire-based conductometric sensors by Pd-decoration, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 285, 358, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.008 · DOI
  44. Kim, 2018, Low power-consumption CO gas sensors based on Au-functionalized SnO2-ZnO core-shell nanowires, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 267, 597, 10.1016/j.snb.2018.04.079 · DOI
  45. Katoch, 2015, Bifunctional sensing mechanism of SnO2−ZnO composite nanofibers for drastically enhancing the sensing behavior in H2 Gas, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 11351, 10.1021/acsami.5b01817 · DOI
  46. Mirzaei, 2019, An overview on how Pd on resistive-based nanomaterial gas sensors can enhance response toward hydrogen gas, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44, 20552, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.180 · DOI
  47. Mao, 2018, High performance hydrogen sensor based on Pd/TiO2 composite film, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43, 22727, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.10.094 · DOI
  48. Park, J., Attia, N.F., Jung, M., Lee, K., and Oh, H. (2019). Biobased derived nanoporous carbon for hydrogen isotope separation. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. · DOI
  49. Kim, 2019, Realization of Au-decorated WS2 nanosheets as low power-consumption and selective gas sensors, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 296, 126659, 10.1016/j.snb.2019.126659 · DOI
  50. Kim, 2017, Extremely sensitive and selective sub-ppm CO detection by the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and core–shell nanowires, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 249, 177, 10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.090 · DOI
  51. Xing, 2011, High gas sensing performance of one-step-synthesized Pd–ZnO nanoflowers due to surface reactions and modifications, Nanotechnology, 22, 215501, 10.1088/0957-4484/22/21/215501 · DOI
  52. Park, 2019, Enhancement of hydrogen sensing response of ZnO nanowires for the decoration of WO3 nanoparticles, Mater. Lett., 234, 315, 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.09.129 · DOI
  53. Hassan, 2016, Platinum/Palladium bimetallic ultra-thin film decorated on a one-dimensional ZnO nanorods array for use as fast response flexible hydrogen sensor, Mater. Lett., 176, 232, 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.04.138 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Lee, J.-H., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J.-Y., Mirzaei, A., Kim, H. W., & Kim, S. S.
Affiliations
  • Inha University (KR)
  • Shiraz University of Technology (IR)
  • Hanyang University (KR)
Corresponding author
Kim, Sang Sub
ORCID
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-10-02
Volume
19
Issue
19
Pages
4276
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s19194276
PMC
PMC6806323
OpenAlex
W2977594736
Cited by
73
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6
FWCI
2.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › ZnO doping and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
Keywords
hydrogen detection, ZnO nanofibers, palladium nanoparticles, electrospun nanofibers, UV irradiation, PdHx, gas selectivity, gas sensors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review