Skeletal Muscle Assessment Using Quantitative Ultrasound: A Narrative Review
Open accessAbstract
Ultrasound (US) is an important imaging tool for skeletal muscle analysis. The advantages of US include point-of-care access, real-time imaging, cost-effectiveness, and absence of ionizing radiation. However, US can be highly dependent on the operator and/or US system, and a portion of the potentially useful information carried by raw sonographic data is discarded in image formation for routine qualitative US. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods provide analysis of the raw or post-processed data, revealing additional information about normal tissue structure and disease status. There are four QUS categories that can be used on muscle and are important to review. First, quantitative data derived from B-mode images can help determine the macrostructural anatomy and microstructural morphology of muscle tissues. Second, US elastography can provide information about muscle elasticity or stiffness through strain elastography or shear wave elastography (SWE). Strain elastography measures the induced tissue strain caused either by internal or external compression by tracking tissue displacement with detectable speckle in B-mode images of the examined tissue. SWE measures the speed of induced shear waves traveling through the tissue to estimate the tissue elasticity. These shear waves may be produced using external mechanical vibrations or internal “push pulse” ultrasound stimuli. Third, raw radiofrequency signal analyses provide estimates of fundamental tissue parameters, such as the speed of sound, attenuation coefficient, and backscatter coefficient, which correspond to information about muscle tissue microstructure and composition. Lastly, envelope statistical analyses apply various probability distributions to estimate the number density of scatterers and quantify coherent to incoherent signals, thus providing information about microstructural properties of muscle tissue. This review will examine these QUS techniques, published results on QUS evaluation of skeletal muscles, and the strengths and limitations of QUS in skeletal muscle analysis.
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Acoustic sensors analyze ultrasound echoes to track muscle morphological dynamics and infer joint movement, and are used for muscle morphology monitoring, joint angle estimation, and torque estimation.
“Analyze ultrasound echoes to track muscle | morphological dynamics and infer joint | movement 214 .”
From Recent advances in intelligent wearable systems: from multiscale biomechanical features towards human motion intent prediction (2026) · cites this paper as [214]
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Chen, S., Peng, C., Yang, B., Lin, J., Zhou, L., Jiang, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., & Tang, L. (2026) · npj Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s44387-026-00083-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ashir, A., Jerban, S., Barrère, V., Wu, Y., Shah, S. B., Andre, M. P., & Chang, E. Y.
- Affiliations
- Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Corresponding author
- Ashir, Aria
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-05-15
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4763
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10222479
- OpenAlex
- W4376956910
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01CX001388, I01BX005952, I01CX002118-01, R01AR075825, K01AR080257, W81XWH-20-1-0927)
- National Institutes of Health (I01CX001388, I01BX005952, I01CX002118-01, R01AR075825, K01AR080257, W81XWH-20-1-0927)
- Department of Defense (I01CX001388, I01BX005952, I01CX002118-01, R01AR075825, K01AR080257, W81XWH-20-1-0927)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Keywords
- quantitative ultrasound, skeletal muscle, shear wave elastography, strain elastography, sound velocity, attenuation coefficient, backscattering coefficient, muscle microstructure, muscle stiffness
- MeSH terms
- Heart Rate, Ultrasonography, Muscle, Skeletal, Data Compression, Elasticity Imaging Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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