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Cited by 20Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)Traffic control and managementIoT and Edge/Fog Computing

A Novel Energy-Efficient Reservation System for Edge Computing in 6G Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

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Javed, Farhan, Khan, Zuhaib Ashfaq, Rizwan, Shahzad, Shahzadi, Sonia, Chaudhry, Nauman Riaz, Iqbal, Muddesar·2023·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s23135817PMC PMC10346643
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Abstract

The roadside unit (RSU) is one of the fundamental components in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where a vehicle communicates in infrastructure mode. The RSU has multiple functions, including the sharing of emergency messages and the updating of vehicles about the traffic situation. Deploying and managing a static RSU (sRSU) requires considerable capital and operating expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), leading to RSUs that are sparsely distributed, continuous handovers amongst RSUs, and, more importantly, frequent RSU interruptions. At present, researchers remain focused on multiple parameters in the sRSU to improve the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication; however, in this research, the mobile RSU (mRSU), an emerging concept for sixth-generation (6G) edge computing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), is proposed to improve the connectivity and efficiency of communication among V2I. In addition to this, the mRSU can serve as a computing resource for edge computing applications. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient reservation technique for edge computing in 6G VANETs that provides an energy-efficient, reservation-based, cost-effective solution by introducing the concept of the mRSU. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the mRSU exhibits superior performance compared to the sRSU in multiple aspects. The mRSU surpasses the sRSU with a packet delivery ratio improvement of 7.7%, a throughput increase of 5.1%, a reduction in end-to-end delay by 4.4%, and a decrease in hop count by 8.7%. The results are generated across diverse propagation models, employing realistic urban scenarios with varying packet sizes and numbers of vehicles. However, it is important to note that the enhanced performance parameters and improved connectivity with more nodes lead to a significant increase in energy consumption by 2%.

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  • Implementing smart power management systems, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), further enhances the overall energy efficiency of vehicular hardware.

    “Additionally, implementing smart power management systems, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), further enhances the overall energy efficiency of vehicular hardware.”

    From Towards 6G V2X Sidelink: Survey of Resource Allocation—Mathematical Formulations, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [146]

    The Introduction says improved power management techniques may boost energy efficiency and improve car battery life. It does not identify dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) or establish an effect on vehicular hardware specifically; searches for DVFS and related terms found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Leveraging communication modules with low-power modes, like LoRa, ensures efficient energy utilization during data transmissions.

    “Similarly, leveraging communication modules with low-power modes, like LoRa (Long Range), ensures efficient energy utilization during data transmissions.”

    From Towards 6G V2X Sidelink: Survey of Resource Allocation—Mathematical Formulations, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [146]

    Section 3.16.4 describes minimizing energy used in mRSU-to-vehicle communications by allocating time slots and regulating power. It does not discuss LoRa or communication modules with low-power modes, so it does not support the claimed mechanism for efficient transmissions. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Employing processors designed for energy efficiency, such as the ARM Cortex-M series, can significantly reduce power consumption in vehicular units.

    “For instance, employing processors designed for energy efficiency, such as the ARM Cortex-M series, can significantly reduce power consumption in vehicular units.”

    From Towards 6G V2X Sidelink: Survey of Resource Allocation—Mathematical Formulations, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [146]

    The Methodology section measures power consumption while vehicular nodes send messages, and the Introduction discusses energy efficiency from power management and antenna design. Searches for ARM Cortex-M and energy-efficient processors found no passage addressing whether processor choice reduces power consumption in vehicular units; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Javed, F., Khan, Z. A., Rizwan, S., Shahzadi, S., Chaudhry, N. R., & Iqbal, M.
Affiliations
  • COMSATS University Islamabad (PK)
  • University of Brighton (GB)
  • University of Gujrat (PK)
  • Prince Sultan University (SA)
Corresponding author
  • Khan, Zuhaib Ashfaq
  • Chaudhry, Nauman Riaz
ORCID
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-06-22
Volume
23
Issue
13
Pages
5817
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s23135817
PMC
PMC10346643
OpenAlex
W4381800303
Cited by
20
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Open (London South Bank University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Prince Sultan University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Traffic control and management
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Keywords
vehicular ad hoc networks, 6G, edge computing, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, hop count, energy consumption
MeSH terms
Communication, Computer Simulation, Humans, Mobile Health Units, Research Personnel, Physical Phenomena

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