Effects of Probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum 35624) Supplementation on Exercise Performance, Immune Modulation, and Cognitive Outlook in Division I Female Swimmers
Open accessAbstract
Our aim was to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium longum 35624; 1 billion CFU·d−1) on exercise performance, immune modulation, and cognitive outlook in collegiate female athletes during six weeks of offseason training. Seventeen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate female swimmers participated in this two-group matched, double-blind, placebo controlled design. Via stratified randomization, participants were assigned to probiotic (B. longum 35624; n = 8) or placebo (n = 9) groups. Pre, mid, and post-training, all participants completed exercise performance testing (aerobic/anaerobic swim time trials and force plate vertical jump) as well as provided serum (cytokine and gastrointestinal inflammatory markers) and salivary immunoglobulin A samples. Recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) was administered at baseline and conclusion of each week. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by time point with the respective baseline values of each dependent variable being the covariate. No significant differences in exercise performance and biochemical markers were observed between groups following offseason training. Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-sport) values in B. longum 35624 group had significantly higher (i.e., more desired; p < 0.05) values in sport recovery (weeks five and six) than placebo. Probiotic supplementation in collegiate female swimmers did not affect exercise performance or immune function throughout offseason training, but did indicate alterations in cognitive outlook.
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B. longum 35,624 supplementation in 20 female Division I collegiate swimmers during a 6-week intense training phase produced no difference in salivary IgA between groups.
“There were no difference in salivary IgA between groups throughout the study in agreement with a study investigating B. subtilis DE111 in collegiate baseball players [83].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [86]
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References 46 · Cited by 56
- Authors
- Carbuhn, A. F., Reynolds, S. M., Campbell, C. W., Bradford, L. A., Deckert, J. A., Kreutzer, A., & Fry, A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Kansas Athletics, Inc., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas (US)
- Texas Christian University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carbuhn, Aaron F.
- Venue
- Sports
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-10-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 116
- ISSN
- 2075-4663 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6315752
- OpenAlex
- W2896566808
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Procter and Gamble (16SRA008L)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- probiotic supplementation, female swimmers, collegiate athletes, exercise performance, immunomodulation, salivary IgA, cytokines, gastrointestinal inflammation, off-season training, stress and recovery
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