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Cited by 15Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Repeated Bouts of Advanced Strength Training Techniques: Effects on Volume Load, Metabolic Responses, and Muscle Activation in Trained Individuals

Open access
Wallace, William, Ugrinowitsch, Carlos, Stefan, Matt, Rauch, Jacob, Barakat, Christopher, Shields, Kevin, Barninger, Andrew, Barroso, Renato, De Souza, Eduardo O.·2019·Sports
DOI 10.3390/sports7010014PMC PMC6359665
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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of advanced training techniques (ATT) on muscular responses and if performing a second training session would negatively affect the training stimulus. Eleven strength-trained males performed a traditional strength training session (TST) and four different ATT: pre-exhaustion A (PE-A), pre-exhaustion B (PE-B), forced repetitions (FR), and super-set (SS). On day 1, SS produced lower volume load than TST, FR, and PE-B (−16.0%, p ≤ 0.03; −14.9, p ≤ 0.03 and −18.2%, p ≤ 0.01, respectively). On day 2, SS produced lower volumes than all the other ATT (−9.73–−18.5%, p ≤ 0.03). Additionally, subjects demonstrated lower perceived exertion on day 1 compared to day 2 (6.5 ± 0.4 AU vs. 8.7 ± 0.3 AU, p = 0.0001). For blood lactate concentration [La-] on days 1 and 2, [La-] after the tenth set was the highest compared to all other time points (baseline: 1.7 ± 0.2, fifth-set: 8.7 ± 1.0, tenth-set 9.7 ± 0.9, post-5 min: 8.7 ± 0.7 mmol∙L−1, p ≤ 0.0001). Acute muscle swelling was greater immediately and 30-min post compared to baseline (p ≤ 0.0001). On day 2, electromyography (EMG) amplitude on the clavicular head of the pectoralis major was lower for SS than TST, PE-A, and PE-B (−11.7%, p ≤ 0.01; −14.4%, p ≤ 0.009; −20.9%, p = 0.0003, respectively). Detrimental effects to the training stimulus were not observed when ATT (besides SS) are repeated. Strength trained individuals can sustain performance, compared to TST, when they are using ATT in an acute fashion. Although ATT have traditionally been used as a means to optimize metabolic stress, volume load, and neuromuscular responses, our data did not project differences in these variables compared to TST. However, it is important to note that different ATT might produce slight changes in volume load, muscle excitation, and fluid accumulation in strength-trained individuals from session to session.

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  • Wallace et al. reported that forced repetitions and other advanced RT techniques may induce small changes in volume load, muscle excitation, and fluid accumulation in strength-trained individuals, but there were no significant differences in these variables compared to traditional RT when comparing single training sessions.

    “Wallace et al. [105] reported that whereas forced repetitions and other advanced RT techniques (e.g., drop sets, super sets, rest-pause sets) may induce small changes in volume load, muscle excitation, and fluid accumulation in strength-trained individuals, there were no significant differences in these variables compared to traditional RT when comparing single training sessions.”

    From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [105]

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Metadata

Authors
Wallace, W., Ugrinowitsch, C., Stefan, M., Rauch, J., Barakat, C., Shields, K., Barninger, A., Barroso, R., & De Souza, E. O.
Affiliations
  • Concordia University Chicago (US)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • University of Tampa (US)
  • Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
  • Department of Health Science and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
ORCID
Venue
Sports
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-01-06
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
14
ISSN
2075-4663 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/sports7010014
PMC
PMC6359665
OpenAlex
W2907100303
Cited by
15
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2019: 2
FWCI
2.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
training stimulus, volume load, metabolic stress, blood lactate, muscle activation, pectoralis major, perceived exertion, trained men, neuromuscular fatigue, electromyography

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