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Which Diet Has the Least Environmental Impact on Our Planet? A Systematic Review of Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets
Open accessAbstract
The food that we consume has a large impact on our environment. The impact varies significantly between different diets. The aim of this systematic review is to address the question: Which diet has the least environmental impact on our planet? A comparison of a vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diets. This systematic review is based on 16 studies and 18 reviews. The included studies were selected by focusing directly on environmental impacts of human diets. Four electronic bibliographic databases, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were used to conduct a systematic literature search based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The durations of the studies ranged from 7 days to 27 years. Most were carried out in the US or Europe. Results from our review suggest that the vegan diet is the optimal diet for the environment because, out of all the compared diets, its production results in the lowest level of GHG emissions. Additionally, the reviewed studies indicate the possibility of achieving the same environmental impact as that of the vegan diet, without excluding the meat and dairy food groups, but rather, by reducing them substantially.
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Cited by
The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future
Romanello, M., McGushin, A., Di Napoli, C., Drummond, P., Hughes, N., Jamart, L., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Solano Rodriguez, B., Arnell, N., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01787-6 · Cited by 1,603
Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Landry, M. J., Ward, C. P., Cunanan, K. M., Durand, L. R., Perelman, D., Robinson, J. L., Hennings, T., Koh, L., Dant, C., Zeitlin, A., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44457 · Cited by 109
Moberg, E., Karlsson Potter, H., Wood, A., Hansson, P.-A., & Röös, E. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12041407 · Cited by 96
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012 · Cited by 42
The Vegan Food Experience: Searching for Happiness in the Norwegian Foodscape
Bertella, G. (2020) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc10040095 · Cited by 22
Perceptions of Vegan Food among Organic Food Consumers Following Different Diets
Kilian, D., & Hamm, U. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13179794 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Chai, B. C., van der Voort, J. R., Grofelnik, K., Eliasdottir, H. G., Klöss, I., & Perez-Cueto, F. J. A.
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-07-30
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 4110
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2966846131
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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