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Cited by 13African Botany and Ecology StudiesForest Ecology and ConservationFood Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics

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Agroforestry: Challenges and Opportunities in Rhino Camp and Imvepi Refugee Settlements of Arua District, Northern Uganda

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Grosrenaud, Evangeline, Okia, Clement Akais, Adam-Bradford, Andrew, Trenchard, Liz·2021·Sustainability
DOI 10.3390/su13042134
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Abstract

In the past, the environment has been a low priority in humanitarian operations for refugee agencies and implementing partners because of the emergency context. However, actions to safeguard the environment can be undertaken concurrently with emergency interventions and organisations should take responsibility for conserving the environment in refugee settlements in the same way that they are responsible for the welfare of refugees. Tree-based interventions, such as agroforestry, have been demonstrated as a viable option for resilience and sustainability in landscapes with increasing human pressure. Refugee settlements are subject to intense human pressure and suffer environmental degradation as a consequence. The potential benefits of agroforestry in refugee settlements though are not well researched. This study explores the implementation of agroforestry schemes in refugee settlements in the Arua district of Uganda. Using semi-structured interviews with the beneficiaries of the International Centre for Research on Agroforestry (ICRAF) agroforestry projects in Imvepi and Rhino camps, the study identifies key benefits for participants and the environment. These include improved livelihoods and nutrition. However, there are challenges to overcome before agroforestry can be made more widely available in refugee camps. Key barriers include insufficient land, limited water availability and lack of local knowledge, which limits productivity. This research shows how relief, rehabilitation and development can work hand in hand to reduce social and environmental pressure in the targeted refugee settlements and host communities and improve the well-being of beneficiary households by creating opportunities for income generation, improving nutrition and contributing to social cohesion.

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Figure 1 Location of the study area in Uganda [37]. Figure 1. Location of the study area in Uganda [37].
Figure 1 Location of the study area in Uganda [37]. Figure 1. Location of the study area in Uganda [37].CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Rhino Camp, Refugee household (E. Grosrenaud, 2018). Figure 2. Rhino Camp, Refugee household (E. Grosrenaud, 2018).
Figure 2 Rhino Camp, Refugee household (E. Grosrenaud, 2018). Figure 2. Rhino Camp, Refugee household (E. Grosrenaud, 2018).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Agriculture in challenging conditions, a summary of key opportunities and challenges identified by the participants taking in the agroforestry projects. Figure 4. Agriculture in challenging conditions, a summary of key opportunities and challenges identified by the participants taking in the agroforestry projects. Figure 4. Agriculture in challenging conditions, a summary of key opportunities and challenges identified by the participants taking in the agroforestry projects.
Figure 4 Agriculture in challenging conditions, a summary of key opportunities and challenges identified by the participants taking in the agroforestry projects. Figure 4. Agriculture in challenging conditions, a summary of key opportunities and challenges identified by the participants taking in the agroforestry projects. Figure 4. Agriculture in challenging conditions, a summary of key opportunities and challenges identified by the participants taking in the agroforestry projects.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Woman carrying firewood for selling or cooking in refugee settlement in northern Uganda (E. Grosrenaud, 2018). Figure 5. Woman carrying firewood for selling or cooking in refugee settlement in northern Uganda (E. Grosrenaud, 2018). Figure 5. Woman carrying firewood for selling or cooking in refugee settlement in northern Uganda (E. Grosrenaud, 2018).
Figure 5 Woman carrying firewood for selling or cooking in refugee settlement in northern Uganda (E. Grosrenaud, 2018). Figure 5. Woman carrying firewood for selling or cooking in refugee settlement in northern Uganda (E. Grosrenaud, 2018). Figure 5. Woman carrying firewood for selling or cooking in refugee settlement in northern Uganda (E. Grosrenaud, 2018).CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 5
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Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Grosrenaud, E., Okia, C. A., Adam-Bradford, A., & Trenchard, L.
Affiliations
  • Coventry University (GB)
  • World Agroforestry Centre (KE)
  • Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK
Corresponding author
Grosrenaud, Evangeline
ORCID
Trenchard, Liz
Venue
Sustainability
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-02-17
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
2134
ISSN
2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/su13042134
OpenAlex
W3130308955
Cited by
13
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
FWCI
2.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Coventry University
  • Department for International Development
  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
  • World Agroforestry Centre
  • FP7 International Cooperation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › African Botany and Ecology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Ecology and Conservation
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics
Keywords
agroforestry, refugee settlement, Arua District, livelihoods, nutrition, land scarcity, water availability, local knowledge, social cohesion, income generation, environmental degradation, ICRAF

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Agroforestry: Challenges and Opportunities in Rhino Camp and Imvepi Refugee Settlements of Arua District, Northern Uganda. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/su13042134
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Grosrenaud, E., Okia, C. A., Adam-Bradford, A., & Trenchard, L. (2021). Agroforestry: Challenges and Opportunities in Rhino Camp and Imvepi Refugee Settlements of Arua District, Northern Uganda. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042134