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Reactivity Effect of Calcium Carbonate on the Formation of Carboaluminate Phases in Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Blended Cements

Open access
Deboucha, Walid, Sebaibi, Nassim, El Mendili, Yassine, Fabien, Aurélie, Alengaram, U. Johnson, Leklou, Nordine, Hamdadou, Mahmoud N, Bourdot, Alexandra, Gascoin, Stéphanie·2021·Sustainability
DOI 10.3390/su13116504
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Abstract

The reactivity effect of calcium carbonate, present in ground oyster shells and limestone filler, on the formation of carboaluminate phases in ground granulated blast furnace slag blended cement pastes was reported in this paper. Six different binary and ternary blended cement pastes were prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag, ground oyster shells and limestone filler with different replacement levels (from 5 to 35%). The carboaluminate formation was assessed and quantified directly using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and indirectly by following the aluminate phase’s reaction (heat flow) and consumed calcium carbonate using Isothermal Calorimetry (IC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. Further, the overall reaction degree calculated based on TGA results and the compressive strength were determined to support the findings obtained. The results revealed that the calcium carbonate present in ground oyster shells is more reactive when compared to that present in limestone filler, where more formed hemi- and monocarboaluminate phases were observed in mixtures containing ground oyster shells. An enhancement in compressive strength and overall reaction degree was observed by adding 5% ground oyster shells as cement replacement.

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Crossref · 10.3390/su13116504

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Figures

Figure 1 Oyster shells. ( a ) before grinding; ( b ) after grinding.
Figure 1 Oyster shells. ( a ) before grinding; ( b ) after grinding.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Heat flow of ( a ) ternary cement pastes; ( b ) binary cement pastes.
Figure 2 Heat flow of ( a ) ternary cement pastes; ( b ) binary cement pastes.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 XRD patterns and identified phases within 2 θ range of 5-12 ◦ C for binary and ternary cement pastes studied. Aft-ettringite, Hc- Hemicarboaluminate, Mc-monocarboaluminate.
Figure 3 XRD patterns and identified phases within 2 θ range of 5-12 ◦ C for binary and ternary cement pastes studied. Aft-ettringite, Hc- Hemicarboaluminate, Mc-monocarboaluminate.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Consumption of calcium carbonate in cement pastes based on 5% LF and 20% BFS.
Figure 4 Consumption of calcium carbonate in cement pastes based on 5% LF and 20% BFS.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Normalized consumed calcium carbonate content of ( a ) cement pastes based on LF and GGBFS; ( b ) cement pastes based on GOS and GGBFS; ( c ) cement pastes based on LF or GOS.
Figure 5 Normalized consumed calcium carbonate content of ( a ) cement pastes based on LF and GGBFS; ( b ) cement pastes based on GOS and GGBFS; ( c ) cement pastes based on LF or GOS.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 6 Overall reaction degree of ( a ) cement pastes based on LF and GGBFS; ( b ) cement pastes based on GOS and GGBFS.
Figure 6 Overall reaction degree of ( a ) cement pastes based on LF and GGBFS; ( b ) cement pastes based on GOS and GGBFS.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 7 Compressive strength results. ( a ) cement pastes based on LF and GGBFS; ( b ) cement pastes based on GOS and GGBFS.
Figure 7 Compressive strength results. ( a ) cement pastes based on LF and GGBFS; ( b ) cement pastes based on GOS and GGBFS.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 8 X-ray diffraction patterns of ( a ) LF and ( b ) GOS refined using the MAUD software. The calculated pattern (red line) is superimposed on the observed profile (coarse line). The difference curve (Iobs -Icalc) is shown at the bottom.
Figure 8 X-ray diffraction patterns of ( a ) LF and ( b ) GOS refined using the MAUD software. The calculated pattern (red line) is superimposed on the observed profile (coarse line). The difference curve (Iobs -Icalc) is shown at the bottom.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 9
CC-BY · From the PDF

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Eren, 2004, Strength Development of Conceretes with Ordinary Portland Cement, Partially Replaced by Slag or Fly Ash Cured at Different Temperatures 1 †, Tek. Dergi, 15, 3311
  2. Zhong, 2012, Structure and Property Characterization of Oyster Shell Cementing Material, Chin. J. Struct. Chem., 31, 85

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Metadata

Authors
Deboucha, W., Sebaibi, N., El Mendili, Y., Fabien, A., Alengaram, U. J., Leklou, N., Hamdadou, M. N., Bourdot, A., & Gascoin, S.
Affiliations
  • Builders École d'ingénieurs (FR)
  • COMUE NU, Laboratoire de Recherche ESITC Caen, 1 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 14610 Epron, France
  • University of Malaya (MY)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Deboucha, Walid
ORCID
Venue
Sustainability
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-07
Volume
13
Issue
11
Pages
6504
ISSN
2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/su13116504
OpenAlex
W3170255558
Cited by
35
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7
FWCI
2.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Materials Engineering and Processing
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
Keywords
carboaluminate phases, ground granulated blast furnace slag, blended cement, limestone powder, monocarboaluminate, cement replacement, compressive strength, degree of reaction, heat flow

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Reactivity Effect of Calcium Carbonate on the Formation of Carboaluminate Phases in Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Blended Cements. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/su13116504
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Deboucha, W., Sebaibi, N., El Mendili, Y., Fabien, A., Alengaram, U. J., Leklou, N., Hamdadou, M. N., Bourdot, A., & Gascoin, S. (2021). Reactivity Effect of Calcium Carbonate on the Formation of Carboaluminate Phases in Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Blended Cements. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116504