Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 8Aviation Industry Analysis and TrendsMerger and Competition AnalysisBusiness Strategies and Innovation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Case of South Korean Airlines-Within-Airlines Model: Helping Full-Service Carriers Challenge Low-Cost Carriers

Open access
Khan, Nokhaiz Tariq, Aslam, Javed, Rauf, Ateeq Abdul, Kim, Yun Bae·2022·Sustainability
DOI 10.3390/su14063468
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The South Korean aviation market has grown rapidly since the emergence of Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs), and in response to this emergence, the two Full-Service Carriers (FSCs) of South Korea adopted the airline-within-airline (AWA) model and introduced their LCCs to compete with independent LCCs (ILCCs). A few years back, ILCCs filed a petition against Asiana Airlines, one of the two FSCs in South Korea, as Asiana Air was launching another subsidiary on the model of AWA. This, interestingly, indicates that AWA are doing well in the South Korean aviation market. However, a detailed study is required to evaluate the performance of this model, as in the global market the success of AWA is blurred. This study attempts to shed light on the performance of South Korean AWA, which may provide fruitful insights considering the post-COVID-19 dynamics of the aviation market.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/su14063468

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 The trend of the market shares in South Korean aviation.
Figure 1 The trend of the market shares in South Korean aviation.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Airports and all the domestic air routes of South Korea. Figure 2. Airports and all the domestic air routes of South Korea.
Figure 2 Airports and all the domestic air routes of South Korea. Figure 2. Airports and all the domestic air routes of South Korea.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Moving window approach. Figure 3. Moving window approach.
Figure 3 Moving window approach. Figure 3. Moving window approach.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Interaction parameters of AWA for the base model. Figure 4. Interaction parameters of AWA for the base model.
Figure 4 Interaction parameters of AWA for the base model. Figure 4. Interaction parameters of AWA for the base model.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Interaction parameters of ILCCs for the base model. Figure 5. Interaction parameters of ILCCs for the base model.
Figure 5 Interaction parameters of ILCCs for the base model. Figure 5. Interaction parameters of ILCCs for the base model.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 6 Interaction parameters for AWA with overall growth. Figure 6. Interaction parameters for AWA with overall growth.
Figure 6 Interaction parameters for AWA with overall growth. Figure 6. Interaction parameters for AWA with overall growth.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 7 Interaction parameters for ILCCs with overall growth. Figure 7. Interaction parameters for ILCCs with overall growth.
Figure 7 Interaction parameters for ILCCs with overall growth. Figure 7. Interaction parameters for ILCCs with overall growth.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 8 Interaction parameters for AWA with LCC growth.
Figure 8 Interaction parameters for AWA with LCC growth.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 9 Interaction parameters for ILCCs with LCC growth. Figure 9. Interaction parameters for ILCCs with LCC growth.
Figure 9 Interaction parameters for ILCCs with LCC growth. Figure 9. Interaction parameters for ILCCs with LCC growth.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 10 Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models. Figure 10. Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models.
Figure 10 Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models. Figure 10. Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 11 Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models. Figure 11. Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models.
Figure 11 Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models. Figure 11. Comparison of the CIs of the base model with the modified models.CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 12
CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 13 Comparison of the p -values of the base model with the modified models. Figure 13. Comparison of the p -values of the base model with the modified models.
Figure 13 Comparison of the p -values of the base model with the modified models. Figure 13. Comparison of the p -values of the base model with the modified models.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 14 Comparison of the MAPE values of the base model with the modified models. Figure 14. Comparison of the MAPE values of the base model with the modified models.
Figure 14 Comparison of the MAPE values of the base model with the modified models. Figure 14. Comparison of the MAPE values of the base model with the modified models.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 15 Comparison of the MAPE values of the base model with the modified models.
Figure 15 Comparison of the MAPE values of the base model with the modified models.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 16 Annual growth of LCCs in the South Korean aviation market. Figure 16. Annual growth of LCCs in the South Korean aviation market.
Figure 16 Annual growth of LCCs in the South Korean aviation market. Figure 16. Annual growth of LCCs in the South Korean aviation market.CC-BY · From the PDF

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 63 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. He, 2020, Dynamic Behaviors of an N-species Lotka–Volterra Model with Nonlinear Impulses, IAENG Int. J. Appl. Math., 50, 1
  2. Goodwin, R.M. (1967). A Growth Cycle. Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth, Cambridge University Press.
  3. Dodgson, 1996, Predatory behaviour and the airline industry, Built Environ., 22, 167

Cited by

See all 8

Metadata

Authors
Khan, N. T., Aslam, J., Rauf, A. A., & Kim, Y. B.
Affiliations
  • Information Technology University (PK)
  • Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
Corresponding author
Kim, Yun Bae
ORCID
Venue
Sustainability
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-03-16
Volume
14
Issue
6
Pages
3468
ISSN
2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/su14063468
OpenAlex
W4220710321
Cited by
8
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
FWCI
2.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Merger and Competition Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Innovation
Keywords
low-cost carriers, full-service carriers, Asiana Airlines, airline subsidiaries, airline competition, airline performance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Case of South Korean Airlines-Within-Airlines Model: Helping Full-Service Carriers Challenge Low-Cost Carriers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/su14063468
The paper
Khan, N. T., Aslam, J., Rauf, A. A., & Kim, Y. B. (2022). The Case of South Korean Airlines-Within-Airlines Model: Helping Full-Service Carriers Challenge Low-Cost Carriers. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063468

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.