The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Socioeconomic Status of University Students as a Limiting Factor for Various Forms of Distance Education during COVID-19 Measures
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influences and impacts of the socioeconomic status (SES) of families on university students and their studies during anti-pandemic measures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Another aspect of the study was to investigate the various educational elements used during the course of distance teaching. This research was performed on a sample of 1280 respondents. Statistically significant differences in the case of SES grades were observed only with the following variables: (i) difficulty factor for the combined education form, (ii) age, and (iii) the duration of the teaching practice (p<0.05). The post-hoc analysis (LSD test) did not show a linear trend in the sense that the values of the respective variables also increased as the SES increased. These data proved that the higher the economic status of the family, the lower the value of the variable.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The central argument of the knowledge gap is that, because of these initial advantages, even though eventually all may benefit from the innovation, those with greater initial SES gain proportionally even more benefits (from jobs and life satisfaction to social mobility (Chytrý et al., 2022), paradoxically increasing inequality (van Dijk, 2020).”
From College students’ literacy, ChatGPT activities, educational outcomes, and trust from a digital divide perspective (2026) · cites this paper as Chytrý et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Making sense of cronbach’s alpha.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011) · International Journal of Medical Education · doi:10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd · Cited by 15,126
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195 · cited 2×
“Due to this reason, the coefficient of Cronbach α [31,32] was calculated, detecting the intrinsic consistency of the instrument—achieving values at an interval of 〈0,1〉 with generally acceptable coefficient values of between 0.”
MethodInfluential(1932) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,568
Optimal Indicators of Socioeconomic Status for Health Research
Duncan, G. J., Daly, M. C., McDonough, P., & Williams, D. R. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.7.1151 · Cited by 766
Measures of Socioeconomic Status: Alternatives and Recommendations
Mueller, C. W., & Parcel, T. L. (1981) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129211 · Cited by 595
Grundy, E. M. D., & Holt, G. (2001) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.55.12.895 · Cited by 461
FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS' QUALITY OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL
Shafiq, M., & Berhanu, G. (2011) · Cited by 460
Indochinese Refugee Families and Academic Achievement
Caplan, N. S., Choy, M. H., & Whitmore, J. K. (1992) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0292-36 · Cited by 171
Measuring Socioeconomic Differences in Use of Health Care Services by Wealth Versus by Income
Allin, S. M., Masseria, C., & Mossialos, E. A. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.141499 · Cited by 162
Spengler, M., Brunner, M., Damian, R. I., Lüdtke, O., Martin, R., & Roberts, B. W. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000025 · Cited by 149
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hnilica, 2006, Influences of socio-economic status and natural disaster on health and life satisfaction, Cesk. Psychol., 5, 16
- Kempf-Leonard, K. (2005). Alpha reliability. Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, Elsevier. [1st ed.].
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, C. (., Rice, R. E., & Wang, L. H. (2026) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448241301741 · Cited by 47
Tkáčová, H., Pavlíková, M., Страновска, Э., & Králik, R. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021605 · Cited by 32
Motivational Understanding of MOOC Learning: The Impacts of Technology Fit and Subjective Norms
Dong, L., Ji, T., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13020098 · Cited by 17
Zhang, C. (., Wang, L. H., & Rice, R. E. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100385 · Cited by 21
Li, H., Gu, H., Chen, W., & Zhu, Q. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152215678 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Chytrý, V., Kubiatko, M., Šindelářová, R., & Medová, J.
- Affiliations
- Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem (CZ)
- Charles University (CZ)
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra (SK)
- Corresponding author
- Chytrý, Vlastimil
- Medová, Janka
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-05-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5898
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4280594320
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Smart City—Smart Region—Smart Community (N. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007435)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Innovations and Technology
- Social Sciences › Education › Online Learning Methods and Innovations
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, university students, distance education, COVID-19 pandemic, online learning, blended learning, family economic status, student age, teaching experience, educational inequality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
