The Application of Clinoptilolite as the Green Catalyst in the Solvent-Free Oxidation of α-Pinene with Oxygen
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In this work, we present the catalytic application of the naturally occurring zeolite, clinoptilolite, in the oxidation of α-pinene, a natural terpene compound. Clinoptilolites with different average particle sizes, designated as (in μm) clin_1 (20), clin_2 (50), clin_3 (200), and clin_4 (500–1000), were used as the green catalysts in the solvent-free oxidation of α-pinene with oxygen. Prior to their application in catalytic tests, the catalysts were characterized by the following methods: nitrogen sorption at 77 K, EDXRF, XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR. The effects of the temperature, amount of the catalyst, and reaction time on the product’s selectivity and α-pinene conversion were determined. At the optimal conditions (a temperature of 100 °C, catalyst content (clin_4) in the reaction mixture of 0.05 wt%, and 210 min reaction time), the following compounds were obtained as the main products: α-pinene oxide (selectivity 29 mol%), verbenol (selectivity 17 mol%), and verbenone (selectivity 13 mol%). The conversion of α-pinene under these conditions amounted to 35 mol%. Additionally, the kinetic modeling of α-pinene oxidation over the most active catalyst (clin_4) was performed. The proposed method of oxidation is environmentally safe because it does not require the separation of products from the solvent. In addition, this method allows for managing the biomass in the form of turpentine, which is the main source of α-pinene. The catalytic application of clinoptilolite in the oxidation of α-pinene has not yet been reported in the literature.
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Solvent-free oxidation of α-pinene over clinoptilolite reached 35 mol% conversion and selectivities of 29 mol%, 17 mol%, and 13 mol% toward α-pinene oxide, verbenol, and verbenone, respectively, under 100 °C, 0.05 wt% catalyst, and 210 min reaction time.
“the solvent-free oxidation of α-pinene over clinoptilolite reached 35 mol% of conversion and a selectivity of 29 mol%, 17 mol%, and 13 mol% toward α-pinene oxide, verbenol, and verbenone, respectively, under 100 °C, 0.05 wt% of catalyst, and 210 min of”
From Fundamental properties and sustainable applications of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (2024) · cites this paper as Grzeszczak et al. (2023)
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Fundamental properties and sustainable applications of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite
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“In another work carried out by Grzeszczak et al. (2023) in the same application field, the solvent-free oxidation of α-pinene over clinoptilolite reached 35 mol% of conversion and a selectivity of 29 mol%, 17 mol%, and 13 mol% toward α-pinene oxide, verbenol, and verbenone, respectively, under 100…”
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- Authors
- Grzeszczak, J., Wróblewska, A., Kiełbasa, K., Koren, Z. C., & Michalkiewicz, B.
- Affiliations
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin (PL)
- Shenkar College of Engineering and Design (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Wróblewska, Agnieszka
- Michalkiewicz, Beata
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-06-30
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 10381
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4382752146
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
- Keywords
- clinoptilolite, zeolite catalysts, green catalysis, solvent-free oxidation, α-pinene oxidation, oxygen oxidation, terpene oxidation, α-pinene oxide, verbenol, verbenone, particle size effects, kinetic modeling, turpentine, biomass valorization
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