Performance Analysis of Lake Water Cooling Coupled with a Waste Heat Recovery System in the Data Center
Open accessAbstract
Data centers (DCs) require continuous cooling throughout the year and produce a large amount of low-grade waste heat. Free cooling and waste heat recovery techniques are promising approaches to reduce DC energy consumption. Although previous studies have explored diverse waste heat utilization strategies, there is a significant gap in combining waste heat recovery with lake water cooling in DCs. Therefore, this study proposed a system integrating lake water cooling with waste heat recovery for DCs. To evaluate the energy-saving performance of the suggested system, the influence of waste heat recovery locations and volumes has been investigated. An analysis of the improvement in system parameters is also conducted. The study’s findings highlight that targeted recovery of waste heat from sources like chilled water or air in server rooms can significantly reduce the cooling energy demand of the system. The results show that recovering heat from the return air of IT equipment can yield a remarkable power usage effectiveness (PUE) and coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.19 and 10.17, and the energy consumption of the cooling system is reduced to 10.06%. Moreover, the outcomes reveal the potential for substantial energy savings of up to 26.05% within the proposed system by setting the chilled water and air supply temperatures to 16 and 20 °C, respectively.
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There are limited evaluations of whether conventional municipal treatment systems are designed to handle the specific chemical and thermal profiles associated with large-scale data center operations.
“there are limited evaluations of whether these systems are designed to handle the specific chemical and thermal profiles associated with large-scale data center operations [22].”
From Navigating Environmental Concerns Confronting U.S. Data Centers Related to Water Quantity and Quality (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Yin, P., Guo, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Feng, D., & Ding, W.
- Affiliations
- Jiangsu Communications Services Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210006, China
- Central South University (CN)
- Southeast University (CN)
- China Telecom (CN)
- China Information Consulting & Designing Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
- Corresponding author
- Guo, Yang
- Wang, Jiaqiang
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-07-31
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 6542
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401177452
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52108101, 2022sfq28, 2023YFE0120400, IBES2022KF05)
- Chenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (52108101, 2022sfq28, 2023YFE0120400, IBES2022KF05)
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Programme of China (52108101, 2022sfq28, 2023YFE0120400, IBES2022KF05)
- Opening Foundation of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building & Building Energy Saving (52108101, 2022sfq28, 2023YFE0120400, IBES2022KF05)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- Keywords
- data center cooling, waste heat recovery, free cooling, power usage effectiveness, coefficient of performance, cooling energy consumption, chilled water temperature, energy conservation
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