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Cited by 179Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource ManagementForest Management and PolicyLand Rights and Reforms

Ten Years of REDD+: A Critical Review of the Impact of REDD+ on Forest-Dependent Communities

Open access
Bayrak, Mucahid, Marafa, Lawal·2016·Sustainability
DOI 10.3390/su8070620
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Abstract

The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program, or REDD+, has been the international community’s first real attempt to create a global forest governance system which would impact countries on national, regional and even local scales. This paper provides an in-depth analysis on the impact of REDD+ on forest-dependent communities. The dimensions which are included in this review are institutions and governance, livelihoods, socio-cultural aspects, and the environment. Many studies confirm that forest-dependent communities are not sufficiently involved in current REDD+ projects. Furthermore, current and potential impacts of REDD+ on communities often disrupt local peoples’ livelihoods and strategies, institutions and socio-cultural systems in various ways, such as unequal benefit sharing, food insecurity, introduction of new powerful stakeholders, illegal land acquisition, unfair free prior and informed consent, and the introduction of monoculture plantations. REDD+ is also perceived as a neoliberal mechanism which renegotiates peoples’ relationship with the natural environment by monetizing nature. The paper concludes with a framework which addresses the potential drivers and threats of REDD+ concerning forest-dependent communities based on the literature review. This framework suggests a holistic approach to REDD+ implementation, which incorporates forest-dependent communities’ often complex relationship with the natural environment, such as incorporation of traditional forest management systems and provision of viable alternatives to loss of agricultural land.

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  • Higher-income countries might contribute to financing environmental protection in lower-income countries but only to secure global benefits.

    “higher-income countries might contribute to the financing of environmental protection in lower-income countries but only to secure global benefits -such as the preservation of particular species and ecosystems, or carbon storage”

    From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [78]

    Section 2.2 (page unavailable) says developing countries can receive REDD+ funding from the World Bank and donor countries. Section 3.2 (page unavailable) discusses international financing, but neither passage says higher-income countries contribute only to secure global benefits; the donor countries’ income level and exclusive motive are not established. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • Conservation policies can sometimes lower welfare locally.

    “whereas such policies can sometimes lower welfare locally ( 77 , 78 ).”

    From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [78]

  • Conservation policies, including incentives, could play out unequally.

    “However, conservation policies (including incentives) could also play out unequally.”

    From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [78]

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1 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Parrotta, J.A.; Gardner, T.; Kapos, V.; Kurz, W.A.; Mansuorian, S.; McDermott, C.L.; Strassburg, B.B.N.; Thompson, I.D.; Vira, B.; Wildburger, C. Understanding Relationships between Biodiversity, Carbon, Forests and People: The Key to Achieving REDD+ Objectives; IUFRO World Series; Vienna, Austria, 2012; Volume 31, pp. 13-20.
  2. UN-REDD. Fifth consolidated annual progress report of the UN-REDD programme fund. In Proceedings of the UN-REDD Programme Twelfth Policy Board Meeting, Lima, Peru, 7-9 July 2014.
  3. Davis, C.; Daviet, F.; Nakhooda, S.; Thuault, A. A Review of 25 Readiness Plan Idea Notes from the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2009.
  4. Naughton-Treves, L., Day, C., Eds.; UW-Madison Land Tenure Center: Madison, WI, USA; pp. 1-10.
  5. Sponsel, L.E., Headland, T.N., Bailey, R.C., Eds.; Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA.
  6. Parrotta, J.A., Wildburger, C., Mansuorian, S., Eds.; IUFRO World Series; Vienna, Austria, 2012; Volume 31, pp. 84-112.

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Authors
Bayrak, M., & Marafa, L.
Affiliations
  • Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author
Marafa, Lawal
ORCID
Venue
Sustainability
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2016-07-02
Volume
8
Issue
7
Pages
620
ISSN
2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/su8070620
OpenAlex
W2473073106
Cited by
179
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
FWCI
9.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Worldwide Universities Network
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Land Rights and Reforms
Keywords
REDD+, forest-dependent communities, forest governance, livelihoods, free, prior and informed consent, benefit sharing, food insecurity, monoculture plantations, neoliberalism, traditional forest management, community participation, climate change mitigation

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