Nonstructural Proteins of Alphavirus—Potential Targets for Drug Development
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Alphaviruses are enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA viruses, typically transmitted by arthropods. They often cause arthralgia or encephalitic diseases in infected humans and there is currently no targeted antiviral treatment available. The re-emergence of alphaviruses in Asia, Europe, and the Americas over the last decade, including chikungunya and o’nyong’nyong viruses, have intensified the search for selective inhibitors. In this review, we highlight key molecular determinants within the alphavirus replication complex that have been identified as viral targets, focusing on their structure and functionality in viral dissemination. We also summarize recent structural data of these viral targets and discuss how these could serve as templates to facilitate structure-based drug design and development of small molecule inhibitors.
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saRNA contains a long ORF after 5′ UTR encoding the four NSPs (nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4) of alphavirus that functions as an mRNA capping enzyme, an NTPase/helicase/protease, a macrodomain, or an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), respectively.
“In terms of structures, in addition to the conventional elements of non-replicating mRNA, saRNA contains a long ORF after 5′ UTR encoding the four NSPs (nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4) of alphavirus that functions as an mRNA capping enzyme, an NTPase/helicase/protease, a macrodomain, or an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), respectively.”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [194]
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Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development
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- Authors
- Abu Bakar, F., & Ng, L.
- Affiliations
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Ng, Lisa
- ORCID
- Ng, Lisa
- Venue
- Viruses
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-02-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 71
- ISSN
- 1999-4915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5850378
- OpenAlex
- W2792586783
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Viruses (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Biomedical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Keywords
- alphavirus, non-structural proteins, antiviral drug targets, structure-based drug design, small molecule inhibitors, viral replication complex, chikungunya virus, O'nyong-nyong virus, arboviruses
- MeSH terms
- Alphavirus, Antiviral Agents, Humans, Virus Replication, Genome, Viral, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Alphavirus Infections, Genomics, Drug Discovery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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