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Cited by 32Cervical Cancer and HPV ResearchReproductive tract infections researchHead and Neck Cancer Studies

Prevalence and Genotyping of High Risk Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer Samples from Punjab, Pakistan

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Siddiqa, Abida, Zainab, Maidah, Qadri, Ishtiaq, Bhatti, Muhammad, Parish, Joanna·2014·Viruses
DOI 10.3390/v6072762PMC PMC4113792
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Abstract

Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is established as the cause of cervical carcinoma, therefore, high risk HPV detection may have prognostic significance for the women who are at increased risk of disease progression. The paucity of data on the incidence of cervical cancer in Pakistan makes it difficult to determine disease burden. Even less information is available regarding the prevalent HPV strains in cervical specimens collected from this region. Cervical cancer is a neglected disease in Pakistan in terms of screening, prevention, and vaccination. Identification and accurate genotyping of the virus burden in cancer specimens is important to inform intervention policies for future management of HPV associated disease and to potentially stratify patients dependent on HPV status. In this study, detection and genotyping of HPV types 16 and 18 from 77 cervical specimens were carried out. Consensus primers GP5+/GP6+, which detect 44 genital HPV types, and type specific primers (TS16 and TS18) were used in conjunction with newly designed type specific primers. Using a combination of these methods of detection, a total of 94.81% (95% CI ±4.95) of cervical lesions were positive for HPV. Single infections of HPV16 were detected in 24.68% (95% CI ±9.63) of total samples and HPV18 was found in 25.97% (95% CI ±9.79) samples. Interestingly, a high proportion of samples (40.26%, 95% CI ±10.95) was positive for both HPV16 and 18, indicating a higher incidence of co-infection than previously reported for similar ethnic regions. The HPV genotype of 3.90% of HPV positive samples remained undetected, although these samples were positive with the GP5+/GP6+ primer set indicating infection with an HPV type other than 16 or 18. These data indicate that the overall incidence of high risk HPV infection in cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia specimens in Punjab, Pakistan is in line with the worldwide prevalence, but that the incidence of HPV16 and 18 co-infections in our cohort is higher than that previously reported.

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  • In Pakistan, HPV 16 and 18 account for 45.1-94.9% and 1.7-43.1% of ICC cases respectively.

    “In Pakistan, HPV 16 and 18 accounts for 45.1–94.9% and 1.7–43.1% of ICC cases respectively [21–24].”

    From HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India (2017) · cites this paper as [22]

    Results and Discussion §3.1 reports HPV16 in 64.94% of the Punjab samples and cites Karachi reports of 75–93%, consistent with the claimed HPV16 range. It reports HPV18 in 66.23% of the Punjab samples, above the claimed 43.1% upper limit. The paper does not state the quoted ranges for Pakistani ICC cases, and its Punjab sample includes non-invasive lesions. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Siddiqa, A., Zainab, M., Qadri, I., Bhatti, M., & Parish, J.
Affiliations
  • National University of Sciences and Technology (PK)
  • National Center of Virology and Immunology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
  • Cancer Research UK (GB)
Corresponding author
  • Bhatti, Muhammad
  • Parish, Joanna
ORCID
Venue
Viruses
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2014-07-17
Volume
6
Issue
7
Pages
2762-2777
ISSN
1999-4915 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/v6072762
PMC
PMC4113792
OpenAlex
W2126607023
Cited by
32
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
FWCI
3.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Viruses (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
The Royal Society (UF110010)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Keywords
high-risk HPV, cervical cancer, HPV genotyping, HPV16, HPV 18, HPV co-infection, HPV prevalence, intraepithelial neoplasia, Punjab, Pakistan, type-specific primers
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cervix Uteri, Female, Genotype, HeLa Cells, Humans, Middle Aged, Pakistan, Incidence, Prevalence, Papillomavirus Infections, Human papillomavirus 18, Human papillomavirus 16, Molecular Typing, Coinfection

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