Justification by Race: Wesley Swift’s White Supremacy and Anti-Semitic Theological Views in His Christian Identity Sermons

May combine two claims.

Swift's speech reproduced the visions that the Soviet Union and world Communism desired to rule all the earth and that anti-Christian devils came into America to destroy its way of life.

“Swift's speech reproduced these visions: 'There isn't any question tonight, but that the Soviet Union and world Communism desires to rule all the earth… The Anti-Christian devils came into America and regardless of whether they came as refugees, or whether they came as exchange professors, still they came to destroy our way of life' [4].”

• cites [4]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The FBI archives report an average of between forty and one hundred people attending Swift's sermons during the 1950s and 1960s in different locations.

“Concerning Swift's audience, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) archives report an average of between forty and one hundred people attending his sermons during the 1950s and 1960s in different locations”

• cites FBI, 1948-1969Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: FBI archives are a reliable source for the attendance and activities of Swift.

May combine two claims.

For Swift, the Americans' link with Israel is literal and biological (racial), while the Puritans considered their bond with the Israelites as symbolic and metaphorical.

“The essential difference is that for Swift, the Americans' link with Israel is literal and biological (racial), while the Puritans considered their bond with the Israelites as symbolic and metaphorical.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Swift's interpretation contains traditions taken from the Hebrew Haggadah, Gnostic, and apocryphal gospels, Anglo-Israelism, pseudo-scientific racial writings, astrology, and contemporary anti-Semitic literature.

“At the same time, Swift's interpretation contains traditions taken from the Hebrew Haggadah, Gnostic, and apocryphal gospels, Anglo-Israelism, pseudo-scientific racial writings, astrology, and contemporary anti-Semitic literature.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

However, the Adamic seed was corrupted again among the descendants of Ham and Japheth, having been absorbed by African and Asian peoples.

“However, the Adamic seed was corrupted again among the descendants of the last two, having been absorbed by African and Asian peoples.This is explained by Swift: 'We know that Shem had two brothers: Ham and Japhet.In the race lines of both was an ancient violation of Divine Law.One was absorbed in the later days by the people of Africa and the Middle East, and the other [Japheth] was absorbed by”

• cites [15]Not matched

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Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Christian Identity believes in polygenesis.

“Christian Identity believes in polygenesis.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to Swift, the first people on earth were the Asian race, whose ethnic varieties resulted from racial mixture between them and black people.

“Thus, the first people on earth were the Asian race, whose ethnic varieties he describes as the result of the racial mixture produced between them and black people.”

May combine two claims.

Swift assured his white listeners that one day there will be no Negroes on the earth and they will be back where they came from.

“And by performing the redeeming and restoring task of divine order, Swift assured his white listeners that ' one of these days there will be no Negroes on the earth.They will be back where they came from' [31].”

• cites [31]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift says that giants lived on earth in a past he does not specify.

“Swift says that giants lived on earth in a past he does not specify [25].”

• cites [25]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Therefore, Swift states that the Jews are the seed of the evil one, the offspring of Lucifer, and are black, red, yellow, and white because this mongrel seed has been sown into every race.

“Therefore, 'the Jews are the seed of the evil one… they are the offspring of Lucifer, and that is why they are black ones, red ones, yellow ones, and white ones, for this mongrel seed has been sown into every race' [12].”

• cites [12]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Therefore, according to Swift, pre-Adamic beings continued to live on Earth because God's will was only to destroy the corrupted offspring of His Adamic progeny.

“Therefore, the pre-Adamic beings continued to live on Earth, since the will of God was only to destroy the corrupted offspring of His Adamic progeny: 'So when we tell you that the Flood did not drown everybody on the face of the earth and, we tell you that the Negro did not come out of the family of Noah, because there were Negroes on the face of the earth long before Noah… The Asiatics did not”

• cites [24]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The task of the 'children of God' is not to integrate black people but to make them aware of their real nature to prevent interracial procreation and abandon their false cult of Lucifer.

“Thus, the task of the ' children of God' is not to integrate them, but to make them aware of their real nature to prevent them from continuing to commit the sin of interracial procreation and abandon their false cult of Lucifer.”

• cites [18]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Swift built a predestined image of the destiny of American white men because he assumes that the millennial restoration of Israel will not be in Palestine but in the United States.

“Swift built a predestined image of the destiny of American white men because he assumes that the millennial restoration of Israel will not be in Palestine but in the United States.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Christian Identity's demonological construction claims that before Cain's birth, Lucifer and his fallen angels had already begun to mingle with the races of the earth, producing hybrid progenies that violated divine laws of racial segregation.

“Then, this demonological construction claims that before the birth of Cain, Lucifer and his fallen angels had already begun to mingle with the races of the earth producing hybrid progenies whose existence violated the ' divine laws of racial segregation'.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

According to Swift, this act was the original sin.

“According to Swift, this act was the original sin: 'Eve never ate an apple… the serpent is none other than Lucifer.And when Eve said”

• cites [21]Not matched

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Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

According to Swift, interracial integration always corrupts the Israelite progeny, which leads him to claim that segregation is a divine law.

“According to this vision, it is always interracial integration that corrupts the Israelite progeny, which leads Wesley Swift to claim that segregation is a divine law: 'God is not only not an integrationist, but God´s plan for the world is segregation and a preservation of Kind' [23].”

• cites [23]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Swift states that America's salvation lies in the Constitution, culture, faith, and laws of God, and in the identity of God as master of the nation.

“Therefore, he states that America's salvation lies in our Constitution, in our culture, and in faith and in the laws of God… [It] lies in the identity of God, as master of our nation, which our Congress has placed in this our flag, and has now declared that this nation is now under God' [28].”

• cites [28]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Swift explains that 'Christ' was not Jesus's name; it was Yahshua or the Eternal Yahweh embodied in a physical body, and Christos means the embodiment of the Spirit of the Eternal.

“Swift explains, then, that 'Christ was not his name… This was Yahshua or the Eternal Yahweh embodied in a physical body.The world Christos itself means the embodiment of the Spirit of the Eternal' [14].”

• cites [14]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

According to Swift, whites were the last race to appear on Earth, although the race already existed spiritually in heaven.

“According to Swift, whites were the last race to appear on Earth, although the race already existed spiritually in heaven.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift claimed that when Adam incarnated, Lucifer decided to infiltrate his seed also among white men.

“Following such an idea, Swift claimed that when Adam incarnated, Lucifer decided to infiltrate his seed also among white men: 'The devil knows.And more than that, so do all of his children.They know that your race is specifically different than any other people on the face of the earth… They know that if the White race specifically as a people or a nation, ever wake up and discover who they are”

• cites [21]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

On this Jewish-Communist satanic conspiracy, Swift said that when you talk about Communism it is World Communism, and it is Jewish Communism, the children of Lucifer guiding and directing the program of anti-Christ for the overthrowing of Christian nations.

“On this Jewish-Communist satanic conspiracy, Swift said that 'when you talk about Communism it is World Communism, and it is Jewish Communism… the children of Lucifer, guiding and directing the program of anti-Christ for the overthrowing of Christian nations' [20].”

• cites [20]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Based on a mechanism like Bristowe's, Swift links the pre-Adamites with Cain through idolatry and identifies them with the snake.

“Based on a mechanism like that used by Bristowe, Wesley Swift links the pre-Adamites with Cain through idolatry and, in turn, identifies them with the snake since 'Lucifer seduced Eve and the child that was born was called Cain because he was the serpent son' [30].”

• cites [30]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The best known among these electoral participants were David Duke and Tom Metzger, a Christian Identity Minister during the seventies.

“The best known among them were David Duke and Tom Metzger, a Christian Identity Minister during the seventies.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

From this notion arises the doctrine of the two seeds, which assumes that two spiritually different offspring were born from Eve: the seed of Adamic fatherhood (Abel and Seth) and the Serpent seed (descendants of Cain).

“From this notion arises the doctrine of the two seeds, which assumes that two spiritually different offspring were born from Eve.One of them is the seed of Adamic fatherhood, that of Abel and Seth.The other one is the Serpent seed, the descendants of Cain.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Christian Identity is post-millennialist, meaning it believes the Second Coming of Christ will occur after the Millennium is established on earth thanks to human effort.

“In this sense, Christian Identity is post-millennialist, meaning that it believes that the Second Coming of Christ will occur after the Millennium is established on earth thanks to human effort.”

May combine two claims.

Swift mentions that part of Lucifer's racial mixing plan included the intermingling of the Adamic race with blacks, which resembles American integrationist politics.

“On the other hand, Swift also mentions that part of Lucifer's racial mixing plan included the intermingling of the Adamic race with blacks, which explicitly resembles American integrationist politics.”

• cites [25]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift said that the United States is portrayed in the 12th chapter of Revelation as being the opposition to the powers of evil and the forces of Lucifer.

“Accordingly, Swift said that 'the United States of America, the great land of the outstretched wings of the Eagle, is portrayed in the 12th chapter of Revelation… as being the opposition to the powers of evil and the forces of Lucifer' [27].”

• cites [27]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In July 1967, Swift stated that the Civil Rights Act was conceived 100% by the Luciferian forces.

“In July 1967, he stated that ' our Civil Rights Act was conceived 100% by the Luciferian forces' [38].”

• cites [38]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift concludes that as in Noah's time, there are still giants on the Earth since not all were eliminated.

“Swift concludes that as in Noah's time, there are still giants on the Earth since not all were eliminated [25].”

• cites [25]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

For Swift, the destiny of the Adamic progeny is to measure up to the fullness of the stature of Christ.

“To build this kingdom, the destiny of the Adamic progeny is to 'measure up to the fullness of the stature of Christ, His Glory, and His power, for your hope is the Christ in you, and you are going to reach that level' [8].”

• cites [8]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Swift assures that black people are not a problem except if they mix with a different race, especially the white one.

“On the other hand, he assures that they are not a problem, except if they mix with a different race, especially the white one.He said: 'there isn't anything wrong with being black, but there is something wrong when you try to mix that black species with the white man, that is a violation of God's law, that is wrong' [4].”

• cites [4]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

According to this vision, white humanity is heading toward its millenarian destiny and the final battle must be carried out through an armed confrontation between the progeny of both sides.

“Therefore, according to this vision, white humanity is heading toward its millenarian destiny and the final battle must be carried out through an armed confrontation between the progeny of both sides.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

This war would represent the Armageddon that must precede the establishment of the Millennium of Christ.

“This war would represent the Armageddon that must precede the establishment of the Millennium of Christ.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift describes his audience as 'strangers and pilgrims in the Earth'.

“Therefore, Swift describes his audience as 'strangers and pilgrims in the Earth' [13].”

• cites [13]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Christian Identity theology focuses on describing the spiritual identity of the Adamic/White race and uses such arguments to demonstrate its superiority.

“Christian Identity theology, as its name implies, strongly focuses its discourse on the description of the spiritual identity of the Adamic/White race and through such arguments, it endeavors to demonstrate its superiority.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift states that 'racism is self-deification'.

“Hence Swift states that 'racism is self-deification' [24].”

• cites [24]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

To maintain purity, the 'children of God' must avoid mixing with the pre-Adamites, whom Swift called Enosh.

“To maintain this purity, then, the ' children of God' must avoid mixing with the races from the Earth -the pre-Adamites, which Swift called Enosh: 'The concept that Adam was the first man to walk upon the earth, and which some believe to be Biblically supported, requires the knowledge of who Adam was, and what the Word Adam means.For in the Hebrew foundation from which our Old Testament is”

• cites [7]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Swift describes Cain as a son of Lucifer born of Eve, who killed Abel, was driven east of Eden to Akkad, intermingled with the pre-Adamic Akkadian people, and became their leader.

“This is how Cain is described by Swift: 'Cain was a son of Lucifer, born of Eve.And Abel was a son of Adam, born of Eve.So therefore, we see that in the catastrophe, Cain killed his brother Abel.And then was driven out of the land which was east of Eden into the land of the Akkads.Here, among the Akkadian people, a pre-Adamic race of people, then Cain intermingled and mongrelized himself with this”

• cites [32]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

By respecting segregation, white men will fulfill their destiny, which Swift describes as philanthropic: restoring Negroes and Asiatics to their created roles and white men to Glory as sons of the Father.

“By respecting segregation, white men will be able to fulfill their destiny, which is ultimately philanthropic since, according to Swift: 'you will restore the Negro to being good negroes worshiping the right God, and you will restore Asiatics to being good Asiatics, as God created them when they were first placed in the earth, but you will restore white men unto Glory as sons of the Father equal”

• cites [23]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Swift explicitly stated that he personally liked the KKK and wished every White man in the United States was a member.

“Swift explicitly stated that 'I personally like the KKK.And I wish that every White man in these United States was a member' [36].”

• cites [36]Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Swift said that the importance of building a theocracy resides in the Church being the depositary of the political leadership role of the kingdom of God.

“Swift said that the importance of building a theocracy resides in the fact that the Church is the depositary of the political leadership role of the kingdom of God: 'The Church of Jesus Christ is a living institution.It is an organism which God has established among the peoples of His Household' [11].”

• cites [11]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to Swift, the Scripture says that the dragon hordes, the power of Lucifer, and all these forces are going to be defeated; they may use atomic bombs, but they will be toppled by the hosts of God.

“According to Swift: 'The Scripture cites that this is the way that the dragon hordes, the power of Lucifer, and all of these forces are going to be defeated.They may be using atomic bombs and all the fire and smoke, but the masses of the hordes of Lucifer are going to be defeated.They will be toppled by the hosts of God' [2].”

• cites [2]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Swift determines that the conspiracy of world Communism is to destroy, mongrelize, and subordinate white people because they cannot compete and fear the spiritual impact of their destiny.

“Swift thus determines that 'the conspiracy of world Communism is to destroy you, to mongrelize you, and to subordinate you… Because they cannot compete with you and they are afraid of the spiritual impact of your destiny' [24].”

• cites [24]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Swift believed that the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were written based on the needs of the Adamic race in the United States because he thought the Constitution was inspired.

“In fact, Swift believed that the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were written based on the needs of the Adamic race in the United States because he thought that 'the [American] Constitution was inspired' [29].”

• cites [29]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Swift argues that pre-Adamic beings were created 'out of the elements of the earth' and not from the divine essence.

“Swift argues that pre-Adamic beings are the races that were created ' out of the elements of the earth' [37] and not from the divine essence: 'The first people God put upon this planet were the Turanians or the Asiatics… And they went forth and populated the earth and that was what they were supposed to do… this was the ancient Turanian people and the remnants of it are still to be found in the”

• cites [37]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

According to Swift, once God placed his chosen ones on Earth, Lucifer decided to beget a son with Eve, so Cain was the product of Satan's seduction of Eve.

“Consequently, once God placed his chosen ones on Earth, Lucifer decided to beget a son with Eve.So, Cain was the product of Satan's seduction of Eve.”

• cites [21]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In Swift's narrative, the 'children of God' continued to reproduce only through Shem, Ham, and Japheth, sons of Noah.

“In this way, the ' children of God' continued to reproduce only through Shem, Ham, and Japheth, sons of Noah.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Swift says that the Flood was an isolated phenomenon that only affected the area of the Tarim Basin in China.

“Swift says that the Flood was an isolated phenomenon that only affected the area of the Tarim Basin in China.”

• cites [24]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Swift said to his white audience that they should not worry about other races, teach them to worship the right God, and that eventually all these people shall be saved and justified according to His purpose.

“Therefore, Swift said to his white audience: 'Do not worry about these other races.You teach them to worship the right God and you set them free… He says He will go to the end of the earth and that eventually, all of these people, all of them, shall be saved and justified according to His purpose and His plan.There are a lot of people who are going to leave this earth and go back to where they”

• cites [18]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

The quote only partly states this claim.

Swift's call to Jewish extermination is explicit.

“Swift's call to Jewish extermination is explicit: 'I tell you that we need a lot of mighty men of today to show up these cunning geniuses of evil today.That is the kind of Giant killers we need in this country' [26].”

• cites [26]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Swift, nuclear explosions and elements dissolving in fervent heat and powers of darkness seeking to destroy you with that threat shall be destroyed by the armies of the Most High and with the nations of His Kingdom.

“Thus, the effects of atomic energy are shown to be transcendent since, according to Swift, 'nuclear explosions and elements dissolving in fervent heat and powers of darkness seeking to destroy you with that threat, shall be destroyed by the armies of the Most High and with the nations of His Kingdom, as they rise up' [34].”

• cites [34]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The difference is that now such a mission must be undertaken by the children of God.

“The difference is that now such a mission must be undertaken by the children of God.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

According to Swift, the mission of the white race is to be an earthly instrument of God to build His Kingdom in the material world and defeat every expression of evil.

“According to him, the mission of the white race is to be an earthly instrument of God to build his Kingdom in the material world and defeat every expression of evil: 'He not only determined that He was going to conquer evil, but that He was going to conquer it in a physical world.For this purpose, He embodied His children' [9].”

• cites [9]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted).

Therefore, only through Shem did the white essence of the white man remain alive.

“Therefore, only through Shem did the white essence of the white man remain alive.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

At times Swift's discourse called to wait for the right moment, while at the same time it affirmed that such a moment was imminent and that the Jewish victory was almost complete.

“If at times his discourse called to wait for the right moment, at the same time it affirmed that such a moment was imminent and that the Jewish victory was almost complete.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

As could be seen in Swift's speech, he openly declared an apology for theocracy as a mode of government that would respond to the principles of the American Constitution.

“As could be seen in Swift's speech, he openly declared an apology for theocracy as a mode of government that would respond to the principles of the American Constitution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

From a Calvinist theological perspective, the white race is the only one predestined for salvation.

“Therefore, from a Calvinist theological perspective, it is the only one predestined for salvation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Racism occupies a specific social function for certain powerful sectors in the United States.

“In the United States of America racism occupies a specific social function for certain powerful sectors that disseminate it.”

• cites Perry, 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Swift's sermons marked a turn that influenced the extreme right in the United States, which has been radicalizing direct action since the 1980s.

“Specifically, it can be said that his sermons marked a turn that influenced the extreme right in the United States, which has been radicalizing direct action since the 1980s.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Christian Identity argues that the white race is the only race predestined for salvation.

“Therefore, they argue, it is the only race predestined for salvation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Race as a biological issue that reflects the spiritual essence of a particular being is the central element built by Christian Identity, which believes the white race was literally created in the image and likeness of God.

“Race as a biological issue that reflects the spiritual essence of a particular being is the central element built by Christian Identity, which believes the white race was literally created in the image and likeness of God.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This speech aimed at women shows that they were central to the anti-Communist effort and the paranoid climate of the time.

“In short, this speech aimed at women shows that they were central to the anti-Communist effort and the paranoid climate of the time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Swift's discourse professed a theocratic mode of government that would respond to the principles of the American Constitution.

“As it will be noted, Swift's discourse professed a theocratic mode of government that would respond to the principles of the American Constitution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Christian Identity claims the white race was literally created in the image of God.

“which claims the white race was literally created in the image of God.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Wesley Swift built a Christian cult based on the local racist tradition by adapting to the American context a fringe and exotic set of revisionist biblical and apocryphal traditions from the Old and New Testaments.

“Wesley Swift built a Christian cult based on the local racist tradition by adapting to the American context a fringe and exotic set of revisionist biblical and apocryphal traditions from the Old and New Testaments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The book of Genesis was particularly functional to Christian Identity's purposes.

“The book of Genesis was particularly functional to its purposes, since it tells the story of the creation of man and woman, their first offspring, their subsequent corruption and destruction, and their regeneration through the flood in the time of Noah.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Wesley Swift adapted these speeches and gave new significance to the idea of the exceptional nature of the American people along with the 'scientific advances' that consolidated white supremacy during the nineteenth century.

“Wesley Swift adapted this speeches and gave new significance to the idea of the exceptional nature of the American people along with the 'scientific advances' that consolidated white supremacy during the nineteenth century.”

May combine two claims.

Christian Identity attempted to legitimize white supremacy and perpetuate the Judeo-Communist Conspiracy myth.

“As such, it attempted to legitimized white supremacy and perpetuate the Judeo-Communist Conspiracy myth.”

May combine two claims.

Although Christian Identity operated at the margins of morality and acceptability, Swift's speeches were framed in the discursive hegemony of his time.

“Although it operated at the margins of morality and acceptability, Swift's speeches were framed in the discursive hegemony of his time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

During the formulative years of Christian Identity, nuclear anxieties and fear of Communist infiltration were deeply present within white supremacist and anti-Semitic views.

“During the formulative years of Christian Identity, nuclear anxieties, along with the fear of Communist infiltration, were deeply present within the white supremacist and their anti-Semitic views.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The Bible is the main source of Christian Identity's theological theories.

“The Bible is the main source of Christian Identity's theological theories.”

May combine two claims.

Christian Identity was not spread in a vacuum; it was consistent with both a government and a society which understood the bipolar conflict as a struggle between the forces of good and evil.

“Christian Identity was not spread in a vacuum.It was consistent with both a government and a society which understood the bipolar conflict as a struggle between the forces of good and evil.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Anti-Semitism is the main point of separation between right-wing extremism and more conservative politics.

“In any case, it is important to clarify that anti-Semitism is the main point of separation between right-wing extremism and more conservative politics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Christian Identity is a racial theology movement that emerged in the United States after World War II.

“Christian Identity, a racial theology movement which emerged in the United States after World War II.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The basis of Christian Identity theology derives from three basic ideas: divine fatherhood of white humanity, biological satanic fatherhood of the Jews, and racial millenarianism.

“The basis of the Christian Identity theology derives from three basic ideas: the belief in the divine fatherhood of white humanity (indiscriminately called Aryan, Adamic, Caucasian, or Israelite), the belief in the biological satanic fatherhood of the Jews, and racial millenarianism”

May combine two claims.

Wesley Swift constructed a Christian theology that ideologically unified different political strategies of the postwar extreme right, which continues to this day.

“Wesley Swift constructed a Christian theology that ideologically unified different political strategies of the postwar extreme right, which continues to this day.”

May combine two claims.

In the Enoch cycle, the history of redemption is equivalent to the Manichean worldview of the paranoid style because evil is not inherent in man but exists on its own, as a product of fallen angels that infiltrate sin into the world.

“In the set of books that make up the Enoch cycle, the history of redemption is equivalent to the Manichean worldview of the paranoid style because, in apocryphal Old Testament literature, evil is not inherent in man but exists on its own, as a product of fallen angels that infiltrate sin into the world (Diez Macho, 1984, p. 127).”

• cites Diez Macho, 1984Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Christian Identity forged a religious anti-Semitic doctrine under Christian parameters and operates as a spiritual-based anti-Semitism hinging on the idea of a 'chosen nation' as the true Israel.

“In this way, Christian Identity, which forged a religious anti-Semitic doctrine under Christian parameters, operates as a spiritual-based anti-Semitism hinging on the idea of a ' chosen nation', not as a metaphorical 'New Israel' but as the true Israel.”

May combine two claims.

Swift represented an anti-democratic impulse that paradoxically claimed to defend the Constitution.

“Therefore, he represented an anti-democratic impulse that paradoxically claimed to defend the Constitution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

A huge percentage of the far-right movement is related to Christian Identity either by sharing the imagery that Swift and his contemporaries forged in the mid-twentieth century or by belonging to the circle of characters that were formed with Swift and his disciples.

“However, a huge percentage of this movement is related to Christian Identity either by sharing the imagery that Swift and his contemporaries forged in the mid-twentieth century or by belonging to the circle of characters that were formed with Swift and his disciples.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The civil rights movement of African Americans stimulated violent white supremacy politics and rhetoric by the extreme right.

“At the same time, the civil rights movement of African Americans stimulated violent white supremacy politics and rhetoric by the extreme right.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Swift's theology is inserted in the cultural parameters from which it was born.

“Thus, the importance of studying his discourse: beyond its countercultural character, Swift's theology is inserted in the cultural parameters from which it was born.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In Christian Identity, this idea is added to the belief that the only descendants of Adam are the white men.

“In the case of Christian Identity, this idea is added to the belief that the only descendants of Adam are the white men.”

May combine two claims.

While the Enoch arguments are not racist, they have served Christian Identity as a justification for their exegesis.

“While these arguments are not racist, they have served Christian Identity as a justification for their exegesis.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The books of Enoch developed in depth the theme of fallen angels and the corruption of the earth because of their intermingling with human females.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The Book of the Watchers recounts the fall of the angels who leave their posts in Heaven and take human females as wives with whom they beget giant children (Nephilim).

May combine two claims.

Even though its right-wing extremist style places Swift at a considerable distance from the official way of understanding and combating Communism, Christian Identity's perspective is rather closer to official logic than Swift would care to admit, since its theology reproduces the same fear of anti-American enemies.

“Even though its right-wing extremist style places Swift at a considerable distance from the official way of understanding and combating Communism, Christian Identity's perspective is rather closer to official logic than Swift would care to admit, since its theology reproduces the same fear of anti-American enemies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

As Andrew J. Weigert suggests, nuclear weapons, the weapons of the 'end of time', were now in the hands of man, which fueled the Identity motivation that it is human effort that brings Tribulation.

“As sociologist Andrew J. Weigert (1988) suggests, nuclear weapons, that is, the weapons of the ' end of time' were now in the hands of man (p.188), which fueled the Identity motivation that it is human effort that brings Tribulation.”

• cites Weigert (1988) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

According to this interpretation, only white men have perfection, and the rest of the beings represent the agents of evil because of their direct link with the fallen angels.

“According to this interpretation, only they have perfection, and the rest of the beings represent the agents of evil because of their direct link with the fallen angels.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The fact that a tradition of Biblical exegesis has interpreted interracial mixing as the origin of evil in the world is of fundamental importance to the construction of a cult with anti-Semitic intensities and racial segregation.

“The fact that a tradition of Biblical exegesis has interpreted interracial mixing as the origin of evil in the world is of fundamental importance to the construction of a cult with anti-Semitic intensities and racial segregation.”

May combine two claims.

For Christian Identity, salvation is by race, not faith: justification by race.

“It is not, then, faith that saves, but race: justification by race.”

May combine two claims.

Although this theology belongs to the margins of the extreme anti-Semitic right, during the first decades of the Cold War most of the population shared the fear of Communist infiltration in all areas of American socio-political life.

“Although this theology belongs to the margins of the extreme anti-Semitic right, during the first decades of the Cold War most of the population shared the fear of Communist infiltration in all areas of American socio-political life (Whitfield, 1996, p. 10).”

• cites Whitfield (1996) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Posse Comitatus extended Christian Identity doctrine into a complex theory of constitutional government based on the notion that the United States is not a democracy but a Christian republic, lawfully governed by Christian common law rather than legislative statutes and court decisions.

“The Posse extended the Christian Identity doctrine into a complex theory of constitutional government based on the notion that the United States is not a democracy but a Christian republic, lawfully governed by so-called Christian common law rather than legislative statutes and court decisions' (Zeskind, 2009, p. 72).”

• cites Zeskind, 2009, p. 72Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

If Christian Identity theology is primarily racist, its demonology establishes its anti-Semitic bases.

“If Christian Identity theology is primarily a racist theology, the demonology of the cult establishes its anti-Semitic bases.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In the case of Christian Identity, these elements are reorganized around a theology inspired by both marginal and mainstream traditions within the local racist tradition.

“In the case of Christian Identity, these elements are reorganized around a theology inspired by both marginal and mainstream traditions within the local racist tradition.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

As Max P. Friedman notes, throughout the twentieth century, Americans interpreted the hatred that foreigners profess for them as the result of their envy of American freedoms.

“As Max P. Friedman (2012) notes, throughout the twentieth century, Americans interpreted the hatred that foreigners profess for them as the result of their envy of American freedoms (p.19).”

• cites Friedman (2012) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

According to Bristowe, Cain was the human originator of idolatry, but its instigator was the Prince of Darkness.

“According to the author, 'Cain was the human originator of idolatry, but its instigator must have been the Prince of Darkness' (Bristowe, 1927, p. 55).”

• cites Bristowe (1927)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Bristowe (1927) concludes from archaeological investigation that Sargon of Akkad was the first murderer in history, Cain.

“Therefore, Bristowe (1927) shows her conclusions as the result of an archaeological investigation confirming that Sargon of Akkad was the first murderer in history, Cain (p.55).”

• cites Bristowe (1927)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The radical localism tendency can be associated with survivalism.

“This tendency can be associated with the other intermediate category: survivalism.”

May combine two claims.

This set of theories includes beliefs in pre-Adamites, the snake as Devil, original sin as Adam's sexual intercourse with Eve, and Cain's evil transmitted to his descendants.

“This set of theories includes beliefs in the existence of pre-Adamites; the idea that the snake that tempted Eve was the Devil or a being associated with him; that the original sin was Adam's sexual intercourse with Eve and that, therefore, Cain was evil and transmitted such evil to his descendants (Barkun, 1997, p. 150).”

• cites (Barkun, 1997, p. 150)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Swift found in ancient Hebrew traditions the cosmic mirror of the reasons why he perceived his country as being threatened by foreign forces.

“Swift found in ancient Hebrew traditions the cosmic mirror of the reasons why he perceived his country as being threatened by foreign forces.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The second trend framed within the legal framework is a derivative of it since some worship-related sectors have preferred the strategy of participating in electoral politics.

“The second trend framed within the legal framework is a derivative of it since some worship-related sectors have preferred the strategy of participating in electoral politics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This anthropological notion is intricately linked to the divine identity.

“This anthropological notion is intricately linked to the divine identity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The eschatological battle seems to be a space war that manifests itself on Earth, where the leader of the white nations would be the United States.

“The eschatological battle thus seems to be a space war that manifests itself on the Earth, where the leader of the white nations would be the United States.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Bristowe's Sargon the Magnificent aims to be an academic study of Assyriology meant to demonstrate the literalness of Genesis.

“On the other hand, Sargon the Magnificent aims to be an academic study of Assyriology meant to demonstrate the literalness of Genesis.”

• cites Bristowe (1927)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Carroll (1900) affirms that Cain had an evil nature and that his main sin was sexual intercourse with a female pre-Adamite, breaking divine laws.

“Carroll (1900) affirms that Cain had an evil nature and that his main sin was to have sexual intercourse with a female pre-Adamite, breaking the divine laws: 'When Cain committed fornication with this female of strange flesh, he at once outraged the design of God in creating man and violated that Divine law given man in Creation -”

• cites Carroll (1900)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Gnostic literature was almost certainly unknown to the Identity writers who put this anti-Semitic theology together, and there is no evidence they knew or used these ancient sources.

“'This Gnostic literature was almost certainly unknown to the Identity writers who put this anti-Semitic theology together, since they tended to be either autodidacts or the graduates of small Bible colleges.There is no evidence that they knew of or used these ancient sources.To the extent that Gnostic precursors had any influence at all, it was in highly mediated form, through untraceable layers”

• cites (Barkun, 1997, p. 150)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Barkun's six types include legal rhetoric for biblical law, electoral participation, terrorist campaigns and territorial secession, self-sufficient communities, and radical localist policies.

“The first one is a rhetoric that urges the legal system of the United States to adapt to biblical law.The second is the insertion of candidates into the official political system.Illegal trends involve the organization of terrorist campaigns against the State and territorial secession movements, a style also called white separatism, which is ultimately nothing but a new form of traditional”

• cites (Barkun, 1997, p. 200)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Michael Barkun, Christian Identity has given rise to six different types of political action: two within the system, two outside, and two at the limit.

“According to Michael Barkun (1997), Christian Identity has given rise to six different types of political action, of which two are inserted within the rules of the system, two are placed outside them and two remain at the limit between the two tendencies.”

• cites (Barkun, 1997)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The year 2020 was particularly active for white supremacists due to backlash against the Covid-19 pandemic quarantine and the Black Lives Matter movement.

“The year 2020 was particularly active for white supremacists due to backlash against the Covid-19 pandemic quarantine and the Black Lives Matter movement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Strategies and sermons that can be traced back to the period when Wesley Swift built his views have tirelessly demonstrated their disruptive potential.

“Strategies and sermons that can be traced back to the period when Wesley Swift built his views have tirelessly demonstrated their disruptive potential.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Followers of QAnon assume that the Federal government has already been fully infiltrated by globalist forces, a term that has become practically synonymous with 'Jewish interests' among white supremacists.

“Followers of QAnon assume that the Federal government has already been fully infiltrated by globalist forces -a term that has become practically synonymous with 'Jewish interests' among white supremacists.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

That those same people who claim to defend constitutional order have violated the Capitol is a symptom that rhetoric like Swift's remain active today in a very perceptible way.

“That those same people who claim to defend constitutional order have violated the Capitol is a symptom that rhetoric like Swift's remain active today in a very perceptible way.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

QAnon shares with Swift certain constants that have endured over time, such as the image of an enemy infiltrated in the US government, which is managed as a puppet by transnational invisible powers.

“Although conspiracy theories have been changing, it can be observed that QAnon shares with Swift certain constants that have endured over time, such as the image of an enemy infiltrated in the US government, which is managed as a puppet by transnational invisible powers.”

May combine two claims.

The second illegal trend largely motivated by Christian Identity was the organization of militias, which has resulted in domestic terrorism against the federal state.

“The second illegal trend that was largely motivated by the version of Christianity promoted by Christian Identity was the organization of militias, which has resulted in domestic terrorism against the federal state.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Nonetheless they are tendencies that emerged alongside and were rationalized by the sermons of Swift.

“Nonetheless they are tendencies that emerged alongside and were rationalized by the sermons of Swift.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Trump did not create the sector of society exemplified by Wesley Swift and Christian Identity.

“It is important to note that Trump did not create this sector of society, as exemplified by the case of Wesley Swift and Christian Identity.”

May combine two claims.

White separatism adopts a secessionist attitude concerning the Federal government and enacts its own legislation, which regulates community life based on certain biological principles considered proper to the white race and supported by biblical authority.

“White separatism adopts a secessionist attitude concerning the Federal government and enacts its own legislation, which regulates community life based on certain biological principles that are considered proper to the white race and are supported by biblical authority.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

QAnon emerged in 2017, at the beginning of the Donald Trump government, being publicly exposed on the website 8kun (ex 8chan).

“It emerged in 2017, at the beginning of the Donald Trump government, being publicly exposed on the controversial website 8 k un (ex 8chan).”

May combine two claims.

Paranoia is active in this theological construction, which recovers the vision of otherness as diabolical, immoral and, above all, anti-American.

“All in all, paranoia is active in this theological construction, which recovers the vision of otherness as diabolical, immoral and, above all, anti-American.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

On January 6, 2021, the persistence and danger that the fiction associated with the conspiratorial thinking of right-wing extremism can acquire became evident.

“On January 6, 2021, the persistence and danger that the fiction associated with the conspiratorial thinking of right-wing extremism can acquire became evident.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

What Trump did was relax the tension between right-wing and mainstream extremism.

“What the former president did was relax the tension between right-wing and mainstream extremism.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The nature of the cult becomes essential within this discourse since, to 'clean' the state of conspiratorial and treacherous elements, it is essential to materialize the eschatological struggle in concrete radical policies.

“Therefore, the nature of the cult becomes essential within this discourse since, to ' clean' the state of conspiratorial and treacherous elements, it is essential to materialize the eschatological struggle in concrete radical policies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The New Christian Right is fundamentally evangelical and, although not homogeneous, strongly promotes economic liberalism, social traditionalism, and militant anti-Communism.

“This New Christian Right is fundamentally evangelical and although it is not homogeneous, it also strongly promotes economic liberalism, social traditionalism, and militant anti-Communism (Himmelstein, 1983, p. 15).”

• cites Himmelstein, 1983, p. 15Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Although not all militias are explicitly anti-Semitic, the ideology behind this trend continues to be fueled by the myth of the international Jewish conspiracy, which is considered to have completely infiltrated the government and the political class of the United States, thus leaving in the hands of the citizens the mission of undertaking the extermination of this threatening force.

“Although not all militias are explicitly anti-Semitic, the ideology behind this trend continues to be fueled by the myth of the international Jewish conspiracy, which is considered to have completely infiltrated the government and the political class of the United States, thus leaving in the hands of the citizens the mission of undertaking the extermination of this threatening force (Crothers, 200”

• cites Crothers, 2003 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

QAnon is not only the product of a Trumpist sector, but it forms a broad social base that continues to sustain destructive minds of the need to combat the federal government and anyone who is considered a potential conspiratorial agent in an endless struggle between good and evil.

“Not only is it the product of a Trumpist sector, but it forms a broad social base that continues to sustain destructive minds of the need to combat the federal government and anyone who is considered a potential conspiratorial agent in an endless struggle between good and evil.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The fact that Trump accused the last presidential election of fraud only stimulated these theories among a significant sector of his voters, aligned with the long tradition of paranoid right-wing extremism in the country.

“The fact that Trump has accused the last presidential election of fraud only stimulated these theories among a significant sector of his voters, aligned with the long tradition of paranoid right-wing extremism in the country.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

On January 6, 2021, numerous supporters of Donald Trump marched in Washington DC, entering the US Capitol building with the apparent intention of attacking Congressmen, resulting in a major riot that killed five people and multiple arrests.

“As a result, on January 6, 2021, numerous supporters of Donald Trump marched in Washington DC, entering the US Capitol building with the apparent intention of attacking Congressmen, all of which resulted in a major riot that killed five people and multiple arrests.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Today, QAnon conspiracy theories have become dominant among the discourse of American white supremacists, who combine contempt for opposition to Trump with their traditional conspiracy ideas, such as anti-Semitic, Satanist, nativist, anti-LGBTQ theories and others related to the coronavirus pandemic.

“Today, QAnon conspiracy theories have become dominant among the discourse of American white supremacists, who combine contempt for opposition to Trump with their traditional conspiracy ideas, such as anti-Semitic, Satanist, nativist, anti-LGBTQ theories and, currently, others related to the coronavirus pandemic, which they consider an instrument of the deep state conspiracy to eliminate individual”

May combine two claims.

The cult radically reproduces the messianic social imagery of exceptionalism and its anti-Communist crusade during the Cold war years.

“In this way, the cult radically reproduces the messianic social imagery of exceptionalism and its anti-Communist crusade during the Cold war years.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

It is a speech permeated by Christian eschatological fiction that is capable of violently mobilizing those who consider that the enemy is a demonic agent that must be fought and eliminated.

“At the same time, it is a speech permeated by Christian eschatological fiction that is capable of violently mobilizing those who consider that the enemy is a demonic agent that must be fought and eliminated.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The six political styles analyzed here are not necessarily linked exclusively to Christian Identity or clearly interconnected with each other.

“In any case, it is necessary to emphasize that the six political styles analyzed here are not necessarily linked exclusively to Christian Identity or clearly interconnected with each other.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At the end of 2016 there were approximately 623 extremist groups in the country, and by the end of 2020 they reached 838.

“If at the end of 2016 there were approximately 623 groups in the country, by the end of 2020 they reached 838.”

• cites SPLCNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Anti-Communist fears permeate Swift's theology, which is riddled with biblical quotes justifying the fear of infiltration and nuclear holocaust.

“Anti-Communist fears permeate Swift's theology, which is riddled with biblical quotes justifying the fear of infiltration and nuclear holocaust.”

May combine two claims.

Swift radicalized the Calvinist doctrine of double predestination and overstates the spiritual essence of the white race, considering it the only one predestined to salvation.

“Swift radicalized the Calvinist doctrine of double predestination and overstates the spiritual essence of the white race, considering it the only one is predestined to salvation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The political discourse of Christian Identity is, in some way, the result of Swift's theology, which, due to its significant millenarian content, is an example of the paranoid impulse.

“The political discourse of Christian Identity is, in some way, the result of Swift's theology, which, due to its significant millenarian content, is an example of the paranoid impulse.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Behind these movements is a new conspiracy theory called QAnon.

“Behind these movements is a new conspiracy theory that is all the rage on social networks, called QAnon.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Identity's path towards violent political practice is marked by two illegal experiences: white separatism and the organization of militias.

“Finally, Identity's path towards violent political practice is marked by two illegal experiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Those who adhere to Christian Identity have a post-millenarian vision that stimulates the transition from pacifism to violence due to the delay in the arrival of the last days.

“However, those who adhere to Christianity Identity have a post-millenarian vision that stimulates the transition from pacifism to violence due to the delay in the arrival of the last days.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Swift was a representative of a strong anti-democratic impulse that paradoxically claims to defend the Constitution.

“As such, he was a representative of a strong anti-democratic impulse that paradoxically claims to defend the Constitution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The theology of Christian Identity remains on the margins of acceptability, in tension with it but reproducing it when carrying out the process of hegemonic traditions.

“In any case, the theology of Christian Identity remains on the margins of acceptability, in tension with it but reproducing it when carrying out the process of hegemonic traditions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

While anti-Semitism is less explicit in QAnon, it is present among many of its followers, especially in the allegations of pedophilia and ritual murder of children against the Democratic Party.

“While anti-Semitism is less explicit in QAnon, it is present among many of its followers, especially in the allegations of pedophilia, and ritual murder of children against the Democratic Party.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

These tendencies seldom appear in a pure state; rather, they combine, intermingle, and oscillate constantly, causing the members to shift from one to another.

“On the other hand, these tendencies seldom appear in a pure state; rather, they combine, intermingle, and oscillate constantly, causing the members to shift from one to another.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

With Donald Trump it is the first time that a politician of these characteristics came to the presidency with the support of a majority party, the Republican Party.

“Although there have been presidential candidates whose main bases were right-wing extremists, such as was the case of Barry Goldwater in 1964 and George Wallace in 1968, with Donald Trump it is the first time that a politician of these characteristics came to the presidency with the support of a majority party, in this case Republican.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Consequently, the scenario in which Swift produced his theopolitics evolved until it found a favorable framework during the nineteen eighties, which allowed the second Christian Identity generation to undertake their political experiments.

“Consequently, the scenario in which Swift produced his theopolitics evolved until it found a favorable framework during the nineteen eighties, which allowed the second Christian Identity generation to undertake their political experiments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The government of Donald Trump could be considered a trigger for violent, discriminatory, anti-statist and undemocratic rhetoric.

“The government of Donald Trump could be considered a trigger for this type of violent, discriminatory, anti-statist and undemocratic rhetoric.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The response to Swift's discourse was the emergence of both extremes after Swift's death: survivalist communities and armed militias.

“The response to this discourse was the emergence of both extremes after Swift's death, survivalist communities and armed militias.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Trump's accusations were a trigger for the country's right-wing anti-government organizations who took advantage of the institutional crisis to unleash their conspiracy theories and deploy their anti-statist violence.

“Trump's accusations were a trigger for the country's right-wing anti-government organizations who took advantage of the institutional crisis to unleash their conspiracy theories and deploy their anti-statist violence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

In pursuing his objective of becoming a state cult, Swift built a theopolitical doctrine that remains within the system of significance imposed by the common sense of white Americans, the hegemonic sector of the country.

“In pursuing his objective of becoming a state cult, he built a theopolitical doctrine that remains within the system of significance imposed by the common sense of white Americans, the hegemonic sector of the country.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

As could be observed during the Trump administration, and especially during the assault on the Capitol in January 2021, the paranoid style is a constant that has become increasingly anti-democratic and anti-statist.

“Today this is of fundamental importance since, as could be observed during the Trump administration, and especially during the assault on the Capitol in January 2021, the paranoid style is a constant that has become increasingly anti-democratic and anti-statist.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

White separatism had its main exponent in Aryan Nations, a theopolitical community organized by the Church of Jesus Christ Christian after the death of Wesley Swift.

“First, white separatism had its main exponent in Aryan Nations, a theopolitical community organized by the Church of Jesus Christ Christian after the death of Wesley Swift.”

May combine two claims.

Swift summarized traditional racist arguments and combined them with Judeo-Christian theology, mainly based on Calvinism, to explain that race is a biological issue that materially reflects the spiritual essence.

“Specifically, Swift summarized traditional racist arguments and combined them with Judeo-Christian theology, mainly based on Calvinism, to explain that race is a biological issue that materially reflects the spiritual essence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

These factors aroused an antidemocratic maelstrom on the part of certain sectors of Donald Trump's voters, especially among those closest to right-wing extremism.

“These factors aroused an antidemocratic maelstrom on the part of certain sectors of Donald Trump's voters, especially among those closest to right-wing extremism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Supposedly defending the Constitution, the Founding Fathers and Christianity, certain sectors seize the opportunity to generate political chaos, violence, and division in society.

“Supposedly defending the Constitution, the Founding Fathers and Christianity, certain sectors seize the opportunity to generate political chaos, violence, and division in society.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, extremist groups increased considerably during the Trump administration.

“According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), extremist groups increased considerably during the Trump administration.”

• cites Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Wesley Swift adapted different Hebrew and Euro-American Jewish-Christian traditions along with an eclectic set of racist writings of different types and origins.

“Wesley Swift adapted different Hebrew and Euro-American Jewish-Christian traditions along with an eclectic set of racist writings of different types and origins.”