The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are physical activity interventions in primary care and the community cost-effective? A systematic review of the evidence
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The health and economic burden of physical inactivity is well documented. A wide range of primary care and community-based interventions are available to increase physical activity. It is important to identify which components of these interventions provide the best value for money. AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in primary care and the community. DESIGN OF STUDY: Systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies based on randomised controlled trials of interventions to increase adult physical activity that were based in primary health care or the community, completed between 2002 and 2009. METHOD: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Results and study quality were assessed by two researchers, using Drummond's checklist for economic evaluations. Cost-effectiveness ratios for moving one person from inactive to active, and cost-utility ratios (cost per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) were compared between interventions. RESULTS: Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight studies were of good or excellent quality. Interventions, study populations, and study designs were heterogeneous, making comparisons difficult. The cost to move one person to the 'active' category at 12 months was estimated for four interventions ranging from €331 to €3673. The cost-utility was estimated in nine studies, and varied from €348 to €86,877 per QALY. CONCLUSION: Most interventions to increase physical activity were cost-effective, especially where direct supervision or instruction was not required. Walking, exercise groups, or brief exercise advice on prescription delivered in person, or by phone or mail appeared to be more cost-effective than supervised gym-based exercise classes or instructor-led walking programmes. Many physical activity interventions had similar cost-utility estimates to funded pharmaceutical interventions and should be considered for funding at a similar level.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“hence such interventions may be a cost-effective solution to reduce the negative consequences of excessive bed-time in hospitalised older adults.59”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes
Drummond, M. E., Sculpher, M. J., Torrance, G. W., O’Brien, B. J., & Stoddart, G. L. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198529446.001.0001 · Cited by 13,648
The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activityA systematic review1 and 2
KAHN, E., RAMSEY, L., BROWNSON, R., HEATH, G., HOWZE, E., POWELL, K., STONE, E., RAJAB, M., & CORSO, P. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00434-8 · Cited by 2,022
A systematic review of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of tuberculosis infection
Dinnes, J., Deeks, J., Kunst, H., Gibson, A., Cummins, E., Waugh, N., Drobniewski, F., & Lalvani, A. (2007) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta11030 · Cited by 666
Elley, C. R., Kerse, N., Arroll, B., & Robinson, E. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7393.793 · Cited by 606
Self-citationA systematic review and economic evaluation of statins for the prevention of coronary events
Ward, S., Lloyd Jones, M., Pandor, A., Holmes, M., Ara, R., Ryan, A., Yeo, W., & Payne, N. (2007) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta11140 · Cited by 556
UK BEAM Trial Team (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38282.669225.ae · Cited by 515
The CDC Diabetes Cost-effectiveness Group (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.19.2542 · Cited by 507
Does Preventive Care Save Money? Health Economics and the Presidential Candidates
Cohen, J. T., Neumann, P. J., & Weinstein, M. C. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp0708558 · Cited by 473
Cost Effectiveness of Community-Based Physical Activity Interventions
Roux, L., Pratt, M., Tengs, T. O., Yore, M. M., Yanagawa, T. L., Bos, J. V. D., Rutt, C., Brownson, R. C., Powell, K. E., Heath, G. W., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.040 · Cited by 335
Swinburn, B. A., Walter, L. G., Arroll, B., Tilyard, M., & Russell, D. G. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.2.288 · Cited by 302
Cited by
Sorted by citations
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 · Cited by 6,457
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Authors/Task Force Members, Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487316653709 · Cited by 1,435
Orrow, G., Kinmonth, A.-L., Sanderson, S., & Sutton, S. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e1389 · Cited by 739
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037 · Cited by 502
Metadata
- Authors
- Garrett, S., Elley, C. R., Rose, S. B., O'Dea, D., Lawton, B. A., & Dowell, A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Venue
- British Journal of General Practice
- Published
- 2011-03-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 584
- Pages
- e125-e133
- ISSN
- 0960-1643 (ISSN-L)
- 1478-5242
- PMC
- PMC3047345
- OpenAlex
- W2043144072
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of General Practice (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- physical activity interventions, cost-effectiveness, primary care, community-based intervention, physical inactivity, cost-utility analysis, quality-adjusted life years, walking program, exercise groups, exercise prescription, health economics
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Promotion, Humans, Life Style, New Zealand, Physical Fitness, Primary Health Care, Quality of Life, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review