Burnout and empathy in primary care: three hypotheses
Open accessAbstract
In the last 10 years, a growing literature about empathy in primary care indicates that, for both patient and clinician, empathy helps to improve many aspects of health care practice and patient satisfaction. Wensing et al 1 indicated that humaneness, exploring the needs of patients, and good communication skills are some of the high priorities that patients expect from their GP. Cape et al 2 showed that doctor empathy coded by external observers was positively correlated with listening interactions and patient involvement. Vedsted and Heje3 found that patients tended to recommend their GP to others if they judged them as ‘empathic’. Mercer et al 4 showed a positive relationship both between GP empathy and patient enablement at the consultation, and between patient enablement and changes in the main symptom and well-being evaluated 3 months after the consultation. Finally, Verheul et al 5 investigated the impact of a warm and empathic consultation compared to a cold and formal consultation on the certainty of the outcome. The greatest beneficial effects of empathic communication on stress reduction and expectancies were observed when it was combined with a positive expectations style. To preserve effective empathy in care, the health provider must be in a positive frame of mind and not affected by stress or burnout. Burnout occurs when individuals feel emotionally overwhelmed by the …
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Good communication skills of empathizing and expressing understanding are associated with better clinical outcomes, professional satisfaction, and might help protect HCP from burnout.
“Good communication skills of empathizing and expressing the understanding towards patients' biopsychosocial contexts and goals of treatments was found to be associated with better clinical outcomes, professional satisfaction, and might help protect HCP from burnout [27,47,49].”
From The efficacy of applying the Interpersonal Effectiveness skills of dialectical behavior therapy into communication skills workshop for clinical nurses (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
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Li, M., Liu, B., Jia, Q., Yuan, T., Feng, Y., Critchley, H., Yang, Q., & Ward, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02585-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Manczak, E. M. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108573 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reciprocal Relations between Cognitive Empathy and Post-Traumatic Growth in School Bullying Victims
Liu, F., Chen, B., Liu, X., Zheng, Y., Zhou, X., & Zhen, R. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14060435 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
L’empathie dans le soin procède-t-elle de la raison ?
Arsène, D. (2017) · Éthique & Santé · doi:10.1016/j.etiqe.2017.03.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hamel, J., Virat, M., Geoffrion, S., & Benbouriche, M. (2025) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2025.2499684 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tan, L. L. C., Yu, C. C., Choo, R. W. M., Le, M. K., Ng, R., Tierney, T., Lim, E., Lim, D., Liaw, S. Y., Hansra, G. K., et al. (2025) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121251365011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Empathy Quandary in Postgraduate Medical Training
Bhagat, P. R., Kinjal, Y. T., & Vijay, R. (2024) · International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_288_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Relación entre burnout y empatía en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada del Perú
Huarcaya-Victoria, J., Delfín, G., & Huaman, D. H. A. (2019) · Anales de la Facultad de Medicina · doi:10.15381/anales.v80i4.16259 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Balez, R., Hemmon, B., Durand-Morreau, Q., Cousin, I., & de Vries, P. (2017) · Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations · doi:10.1016/j.pto.2017.02.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Through the Eyes of a Patient: Visuospatial Perspective Taking and Empathy in Medical StudentsPreprint
Bukowski, H., Kamal, N. F. A., Bennett, D. M., Rizzo, G., & O’Tuathaigh, C. M. P. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.20058412 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A longitudinal curriculum to teach and assess empathy within the doctor of pharmacy curriculum
Munjy, L., Besinque, K., Beuttler, R., Taheri, R., Won, K. J., & Bethishou, L. (2025) · Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2024.102279 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hermann, K. C., Peralta-Chiriboga, A. A., Fuji, K. T., O’Keefe, A. L., Jurado, M. S., Tauseef, A., Kletscher, K., & Beste, J. (2026) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2026.2697096 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Spurr, A. (2016) · Dalhousie Medical Journal · doi:10.15273/dmj.vol42no2.6680 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Domestic violence: Safe and compassionate consultations
Dowrick, A., Sohal, A. H., Kelly, M. J., Griffiths, C., & Feder, G. S. (2018) · InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice · doi:10.1177/1755738018759133 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Experiencing Empathy in the Patient-Doctor Relationship
Jeffrey, D. I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64804-6_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Private health care and empathy
Fearon, D. (2014) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp14x677185 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zenasni, F., Boujut, E., Woerner, A., & Sultan, S.
- Affiliations
- Laboratoire Adaptations Travail-Individu (FR)
- Université Paris Descartes (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CA)
- Venue
- British Journal of General Practice
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 600
- Pages
- 346-347
- ISSN
- 0960-1643 (ISSN-L)
- 1478-5242
- PMC
- PMC3381244
- OpenAlex
- W2169962576
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- British Journal of General Practice (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- burnout, empathy, primary care, general practitioners, physician well-being, physician-patient relationship
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Empathy, Humans, Physician-Patient Relations, General Practitioners, General Practice
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