Cited by 127Statistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceStatistical Methods in EpidemiologySpatial and Panel Data Analysis

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Generalized Estimating Equations: Notes on the Choice of the Working Correlation Matrix

Vens, M., Ziegler, A.·2010·Methods of Information in Medicine

DOI 10.3414/me10-01-0026

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Abstract

Summary: Background: Generalized estimating equations (GEE) are an extension of generalized linear models (GLM) in that they allow adjusting for correlations between observations. A major strength of GEE is that they do not require the correct specification of the multivariate distribution but only of the mean structure. Objectives: Several concerns have been raised about the validity of GEE when applied to dichotomous dependent variables. In this contribution, we summarize the theoretical findings concerning efficiency and validity of GEE. Methods: We introduce the GEE in a formal way, summarize general findings on the choice of the working correlation matrix, and show the existence of a dilemma for the optimal choice of the working correlation matrix for dichotomous dependent variables. Results: Biological and statistical arguments for choosing a specific working correlation matrix are given. Three approaches are described for overcoming the range restriction of the correlation coefficient. Conclusions: The three approaches described in this article for overcoming the range restrictions for dichotomous dependent variables in GEE models provide a simple and practical way for use in applications.

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Authors: Vens, M., & Ziegler, A.
Affiliations: University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
ORCID: Ziegler, A.
Venue: Methods of Information in Medicine
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2010
Volume: 49
Issue: 05
Pages: 421-425
ISSN: 0026-1270 (ISSN-L)
2511-705X
DOI: 10.3414/me10-01-0026
OpenAlex: W4292366122
Cited by: 127
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 1.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Methods of Information in Medicine (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
Keywords: generalized estimating equations, working correlation matrix, dichotomous dependent variable, correlated binary data, estimator efficiency, generalized linear models

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Generalized Estimating Equations: Notes on the Choice of the Working Correlation Matrix

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