CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 36

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Adjuvant Therapy for Stages II and III Colon Cancer: Risk Stratification, Treatment Duration, and Future Directions

Bender, U., Rho, Y.S., Barrera, I., Aghajanyan, S., Acoba, J., Kavan, P.·2019·Current Oncology
DOI 10.3747/co.26.5605
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background: To date, the role of adjuvant systemic therapy in stages ii and iii colon cancer remains a topic of interest and debate. The objective of the present review was to assess the most recent data, specifically addressing methods of risk stratification, duration of therapy, and future directions. Methods: PubMed and medline were searched for literature pertinent to adjuvant chemotherapy in either stage ii or stage iii colorectal cancer. Summary: Locoregional disease, histopathology, age, laterality, and a number of other biologic and molecular markers appear to have a role in disease risk stratification. The duration of adjuvant therapy for stage iii disease can vary based on risk factors, but use of adjuvant therapy and duration of therapy in stage ii disease remain controversial. Future directions should include genomic assays and improved study design to provide concrete evidence about the duration of adjuvant folfox or capox and about other types of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3747/co.26.5605

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 5 references

Research works printed but not linked: 67

  1. Arnold M, Sierra MS, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut 2017;66:683-91.
  2. Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, et al. The eighth edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:93-9.
  3. Meyers BM, Cosby R, Quereshy F, Jonker D. Adjuvant sys- temic chemotherapy for stages ii and iii colon cancer after complete resection: a clinical practice guideline. Curr Oncol 2016;23:418-24.
  4. Gustavsson B, Carlsson G, Machover D, et al. A review of the evolution of systemic chemotherapy in the management of colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015;14:1-10.
  5. Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, et al. Intergroup study of fluorouracil plus levamisole as adjuvant therapy for stage ii/Dukes' B2 colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2936-43.
  6. Wolmark N, Rockette H, Mamounas E, et al. Clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy of fluorouracil and leucovorin, fluorouracil and levamisole, and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in patients with Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the colon: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-04. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3553-9.
  7. André T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, et al. on behalf of the mosaic investigators. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucov- orin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2343-51.
  8. Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, et al. Irinotecan plus fluoro- uracil/leucovorin (ifl) versus fluorouracil/leucovorin alone (fl) in stage iii colon cancer (Intergroup trial calgb C89803) [abstract 3500]. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:. [https://ascopubs.org/ doi/abs/10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3500; cited 17 October 2019] · DOI
  9. Wolmark N, Wieand S, Lembersky B, et al. A phase iii trial comparing oral uft to fulv in stage ii and iii carcino- ma of the colon: results of nsabp protocol C-06 [abstract 3508]. 2004;22:. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/ jco.2004.22.90140.3508; cited 17 October 2019] · DOI
  10. Alberts SR, Sinicrope FA, Grothey A. N0147: a randomized phase iii trial of oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin with or without cetuximab after curative resection of stage iii colon cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2005;5:211-13.
  11. André T, Quinaux E, Louvet C, et al. Updated results at 6 year of the gercor C96.1 phase iii study comparing LV5FU2 to monthly 5fu-leucovorin (mFufol) as adjuvant treatment for Dukes B2 and C colon cancer patients [abstract 3522]. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/ jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3522; cited 18 October 2019] · DOI
  12. Haller DG, Catalano PJ, Macdonald JS, et al. Phase iii study of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in high-risk stage ii and iii colon cancer: final report of Intergroup 0089. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8671-8.
  13. Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP, et al. Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage iii colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2696-704.
  14. van Cutsem E, Labianca R, Hossfeld D, et al. Randomized phase iii trial comparing infused irinotecan/5-fluorouracil (5-fu)/folinic acid (if) versus 5-fu/fa (f) in stage iii colon cancer patients (pts). (petacc 3) [abstract LBA8]. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/ jco.2005.23.16_suppl.lba8; cited 17 October 2019] · DOI
  15. Kuebler JP, Wieand HS, O'Connell MJ, et al. Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage ii and iii colon cancer: results from nsabp C-07. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2198- 204.
  16. Allegra CJ, Yothers G, O'Connell MJ, et al. Phase iii trial assess- ing bevacizumab in stages ii and iii carcinoma of the colon: results of nsabp protocol C-08. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:11-16.
  17. de Gramont A, Van Cutsem E, Schmoll HJ, et al. Bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer (avant): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:1225-33.
  18. Pectasides D, Karavasilis V, Papaxoinis G, et al. Random- ized phase iii clinical trial comparing the combination of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (capox) with the combination of 5-f luorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (modified folfox6) as adjuvant therapy in patients with operated high-risk stage ii or stage iii colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015;15:384.
  19. Taieb J, Tabernero J, Mini E, et al. on behalf of the petacc-8 study investigators. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin with or without cetuximab in patients with resected stage iii colon cancer (petacc-8): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:862-73.
  20. Schmoll HJ, Tabernero J, Maroun J, et al. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid as ad- juvant therapy for stage iii colon cancer: final results of the NO16968 randomized controlled phase iii trial. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3733-40.
  21. Grothey A, Sobrero AF, Shields AF, et al. Duration of adju- vant chemotherapy for stage iii colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1177-88.
  22. Costas-Chavarri A, Nandakumar G, Temin S, et al. Treat- ment of patients with early-stage colorectal cancer: asco resource-stratified guideline. J Glob Oncol 2019;5:1-19.
  23. Labianca R, Nordlinger B, Beretta GD, et al. on behalf of the esmo Guidelines Working Group. Early colon cancer: esmo clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013;24(suppl 6):vi64-72. Current Oncology, Vol. 26, Supp. 1, November 2019 © 2019 Multimed Inc.
  24. Provenzale D, Gupta S, Ahnen DJ, et al. nccn guidelines insights: colorectal cancer screening, version 1.2018. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16:939-49.
  25. Sargent DJ, Goldberg RM, Jacobson SD, et al. A pooled analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer in elderly patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1091-7.
  26. Jessup JM, Stewart A, Greene FL, Minsky BD. Adjuvant che- motherapy for stage iii colon cancer: implications of race/ ethnicity, age, and differentiation. JAMA 2005;294:2703-11.
  27. Mauri G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Russo AG, Marsoni S, Bardelli A, Siena S. Early-onset colorectal cancer in young individuals. Mol Oncol 2019;13:109-31.
  28. Manjelievskaia J, Brown D, McGlynn KA, Anderson W, Shriver CD, Zhu K. Chemotherapy use and survival among young and middle-aged patients with colon cancer. JAMA Surg 2017;152:452-9.
  29. Rho YS, Gilabert M, Polom K, et al. Comparing clinical characteristics and outcomes of young-onset and late-onset colorectal cancer: an international collaborative study. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017;16:334-42.
  30. Mik M, Berut M, Dziki L, Trzcinski R, Dziki A. Right-and left-sided colon cancer-clinical and pathological dif- ferences of the disease entity in one organ. Arch Med Sci 2017;13:157-62.
  31. Venook AP. Right-sided vs left-sided colorectal cancer. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2017;15:22-4.
  32. Karim S, Brennan K, Nanji S, Berry SR, Booth CM. Association between prognosis and tumor laterality in early-stage colon cancer. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:1386-92.
  33. Warschkow R, Sulz MC, Marti L, et al. Better survival in right-sided versus left-sided stage i-iii colon cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016;16:554.
  34. Lee L, Erkan A, Alhassan N, et al. Lower survival after right-sided versus left-sided colon cancers: is an extended lymphadenectomy the answer? Surg Oncol 2018;27:449-55.
  35. Sasaki K, Andreatos N, Margonis GA, et al. The prognos- tic implications of primary colorectal tumor location on recurrence and overall survival in patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastasis. J Surg Oncol 2016;114:803-9.
  36. Holch JW, Ricard I, Stintzing S, Modest DP, Heinemann V. The relevance of primary tumour location in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of first-line clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 2017;70:87-98.
  37. Yothers G, O'Connell MJ, Lee M, et al. Validation of the 12-gene colon cancer recurrence score in nsabp C-07 as a predictor of recurrence in patients with stage ii and iii colon cancer treated with fluorouracil and leucovorin (fu/lv) and fu/lv plus oxaliplatin. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:4512-19.
  38. Dawod MAI, Sui JSY, Kelly D, et al. Clinical utility of Onco- type dx in early stage colon cancer [abstract e15076]. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:. [Available online at: https://ascopubs.org/ doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.e15076; cited 30 Au- gust 2019] · DOI
  39. Kopetz S, Tabernero J, Rosenberg R, et al. Genomic classifier ColoPrint predicts recurrence in stage ii colorectal cancer patients more accurately than clinical factors. Oncologist 2015;20:127-33.
  40. Oh SC, Park YY, Park ES, et al. Prognostic gene expression signature associated with two molecularly distinct subtypes of colorectal cancer. Gut 2012;61:1291-8.
  41. Jen J, Kim H, Piantadosi S, et al. Allelic loss of chromo- some 18q and prognosis in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1994;331:213-21.
  42. Sinicrope FA, Okamoto K, Kasi PM, Kawakami H. Molecular biomarkers in the personalized treatment of colorectal can- cer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:651-8.
  43. Locker GY, Hamilton S, Harris J, et al. on behalf of asco. asco 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor mark- ers in gastrointestinal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5313-27.
  44. Sinicrope FA, Foster NR, Thibodeau SN, et al. dna mismatch repair status and colon cancer recurrence and survival in clinical trials of 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:863-75.
  45. Roth AD, Tejpar S, Delorenzi M, et al. Prognostic role of KRAS and BRAF in stage ii and iii resected colon cancer: results of the translational study on the petacc-3, eortc 40993, sakk 60-00 trial. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:466-74.
  46. French AJ, Sargent DJ, Burgart LJ, et al. Prognostic significance of defective mismatch repair and BRAF V600E in patients with colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:3408-15.
  47. Seppälä TT, Bohm JP, Friman M, et al. Combination of micro- satellite instability and BRAF mutation status for subtyping colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2015;112:1966-75.
  48. Dalerba P, Sahoo D, Clarke MF. cdx2 as a prognostic biomark- er in colon cancer [letter]. N Engl J Med 2016;374:2184.
  49. Andre T, Boni C, Navarro M, et al. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage ii or iii colon cancer in the mosaic trial. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3109-16.
  50. Iveson TJ, Kerr RS, Saunders MP, et al. 3 Versus 6 months of adjuvant oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combination therapy for colorectal cancer (scot): an international, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2018;19:562-78.
  51. Sobrero A, Lonardi S, Rosati G, et al. on behalf of the tosca investigators. folfox or capox in stage ii to iii colon cancer: efficacy results of the Italian Three or Six Colon Adjuvant trial. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:1478-85.
  52. Souglakos J, Boukovinas I, Xynogalos S, et al. Three versus six months adjuvant oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine che- motherapy for patients with stage iii colon cancer: the Hel- lenic Oncology Research Group (horg) participation to the International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant (idea) che- motherapy project. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:730. [Available online at: https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2018.36.4_ suppl.730; cited 28 October 2019] · DOI
  53. Lieu C, Kennedy EB, Bergsland E, et al. Duration of oxaliplatin- containing adjuvant therapy for stage iii colon cancer: asco clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 2019;37:1436-47.
  54. Lieu C, Kennedy EB, Baxter N. Duration of oxaliplatin- containing adjuvant therapy for stage iii colon cancer: asco clinical practice guideline summary. J Oncol Pract 2019; 15:391-3.
  55. Iveson T, Sobrero AF, Yoshino T, et al. Prospective pooled analysis of four randomized trials investigating duration of adjuvant (adj) oxaliplatin-based therapy (3 vs 6 months {m}) for patients (pts) with high-risk stage ii colorectal cancer (cc) [abstract 3501]. J Clin Oncol 2019;37: [Available online at: https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_ suppl.3501; cited 30 August 2019] Current Oncology, Vol. 26, Supp. 1, November 2019 © 2019 Multimed Inc. · DOI
  56. Gabriel E, Bagaria SP. Assessing the impact of circulating tumor dna (ctdna) in patients with colorectal cancer: sepa- rating fact from fiction. Front Oncol 2018;8:297.
  57. Osumi H, Shinozaki E, Yamaguchi K, Zembutsu H. Clinical utility of circulating tumor dna for colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2019;110:1148-55.
  58. Malinowsky K, Nitsche U, Janssen KP, et al. Activation of the pi3k/akt pathway correlates with prognosis in stage ii colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2014;110:2081-9.
  59. Li AJ, Li HG, Tang EJ, et al. PIK3CA and TP53 mutations pre- dict overall survival of stage ii/iii colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2018;24:631-40.
  60. Liao X, Lochhead P, Nishihara R, et al. Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation, and colorectal-cancer survival. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1596-606.
  61. Saif MW. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) polymorphism among Caucasian and non-Caucasian pa- tients with 5-fu-and capecitabine-related toxicity using full sequencing of DPYD. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2013;10:89-92.
  62. Deenen MJ, Tol J, Burylo AM, et al. Relationship between sin- gle nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in DPYD and toxicity and efficacy of capecitabine in advanced colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:3455-68.
  63. Ychou M, Raoul JL, Douillard JY, et al. A phase iii randomised trial of lv5fu2 + irinotecan versus lv5fu2 alone in adjuvant high-risk colon cancer (fnclcc Accord02/FFCD9802). Ann Oncol 2009;20:674-80.
  64. Masi G, Vasile E, Loupakis F, et al. Randomized trial of two induction chemotherapy regimens in metastatic colorec- tal cancer: an updated analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:21-30.
  65. Bennouna J, Andre T, Campion L, et al. Rationale and design of the irocas study: multicenter, international, randomized phase 3 trial comparing adjuvant modified (m) folfirinox to mfolfox6 in patients with high-risk stage iii (pT4 and/or N2) colon cancer-a unicancer gi-prodige trial. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019;18:e69-73.
  66. Sinicrope FA, Ou FS, Zemla T, et al. Randomized trial of stan- dard chemotherapy alone or combined with atezolizumab as adjuvant therapy for patients with stage iii colon cancer and deficient mismatch repair (atomic, Alliance A021502) [abstract TPS3630]. J Clin Oncol 2019;37:. [Available online at: https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl. TPS3630; cited 30 August 2019] · DOI
  67. Gunderson LL, Jessup JM, Sargent DJ, Greene FL, Stewart AK. Revised TN categorization for colon cancer based on national survival outcomes data. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:264-71.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Bender, U., Rho, Y. S., Barrera, I., Aghajanyan, S., Acoba, J., & Kavan, P.
Venue
Current Oncology
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-11-01
Volume
26
Issue
11
Pages
43-52
ISSN
1718-7729
DOI
10.3747/co.26.5605
Cited by
36
References
5
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review