A new look at novelty effects: guiding search away from old distractors
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We examined whether search is guided to novel distractors. In Experiment 1, subjects searched for a target among one new and a variable number of old distractors. Search displays in Experiment 2 consisted of an equal number of new, old, and familiar distractors (the latter repeated occasionally). We found that eye movements were preferentially directed to a new distractor on target-absent trials and that subjects tended to immediately fixate a new distractor after leaving the target on target-present trials. In both cases, first fixations on old distractors were consistently less frequent than could be explained by chance. We interpret these patterns as evidence for negative guidance: Subjects learn the visual features associated with the set of old distractors and then guide their search away from these features, ultimately resulting in the preferential fixation of novel distractors.
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In laboratory tasks, gaze is drawn to novel or uncertain stimuli in familiar scenes.
“We almost instinctively orient to a new sign in a store front or to a strange bird perched on a tree, and in laboratory tasks, gaze is drawn to novel or uncertain stimuli in familiar scenes (Brockmole and Henderson, 2005a, b; Yang et al., 2009).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Yang, H., Chen, X., & Zelinsky, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zelinsky, G. J.
- Venue
- Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 554-564
- ISSN
- 1943-3921 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-393X
- OpenAlex
- W2066159349
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Attention Perception & Psychophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0527585)
- Stony Brook University
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH63748, R01MH063748)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- novelty effect, visual search, eye movements, fixation, visual feature learning, target-absent trials, visual attention
- MeSH terms
- Association Learning, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Eye Movements, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Recognition, Psychology
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