The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pupillary dilation as a measure of attention: a quantitative system analysis
Open accessAbstract
It has long been known that the pupil dilates as a consequence of attentional effort. But the function that relates attentional input to pupillary output has never been the subject of quantitative analysis. We present a system analysis of the pupillary response to attentional input. Attentional input is modeled as a string of attentional pulses . We show that the system is linear; the effects of input pulses on the pupillary response are additive. The impulse response has essentially a gamma distribution with two free parameters. These parameters are estimated; they are fairly constant over tasks and subjects. The paper presents a method of estimating the string of attentional input pulses, given some average pupillary output. The method involves the technique of deconvolution; it can be implemented with a public-domain software package, Pupil.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Näätänen, R., & Picton, T. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00311.x · Cited by 3,321
Pupil Size in Relation to Mental Activity during Simple Problem-Solving
Hess, E. H., & Polt, J. M. (1964) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.143.3611.1190 · Cited by 1,169
Cited by
Pupil fluctuations track rapid changes in adrenergic and cholinergic activity in cortex
Reimer, J., McGinley, M. J., Liu, Y., Rodenkirch, C., Wang, Q., McCormick, D. A., & Tolias, A. S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13289 · Cited by 926
The effects of neural gain on attention and learning
Eldar, E., Cohen, J. D., & Niv, Y. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3428 · Cited by 402
Computations of uncertainty mediate acute stress responses in humans
de Berker, A. O., Rutledge, R. B., Mathys, C., Marshall, L., Cross, G. F., Dolan, R. J., & Bestmann, S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10996 · Cited by 330
Bailey, B. P., & Iqbal, S. T. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1314683.1314689 · Cited by 325
Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction
Iqbal, S. T., Zheng, X. S., & Bailey, B. P. (2004) · CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/985921.986094 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoeks, B., & Levelt, W. J. M.
- Venue
- Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
- Published
- 1993-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-26
- ISSN
- 0743-3808 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5970
- OpenAlex
- W2009759039
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pupillary dilation as a measure of attention: a quantitative system analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3758/bf03204445
- The paper
- Hoeks, B., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1993). Pupillary dilation as a measure of attention: a quantitative system analysis. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03204445
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
