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The Bayesian New Statistics: Hypothesis testing, estimation, meta-analysis, and power analysis from a Bayesian perspective
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In the practice of data analysis, there is a conceptual distinction between hypothesis testing, on the one hand, and estimation with quantified uncertainty on the other. Among frequentists in psychology, a shift of emphasis from hypothesis testing to estimation has been dubbed "the New Statistics" (Cumming 2014). A second conceptual distinction is between frequentist methods and Bayesian methods. Our main goal in this article is to explain how Bayesian methods achieve the goals of the New Statistics better than frequentist methods. The article reviews frequentist and Bayesian approaches to hypothesis testing and to estimation with confidence or credible intervals. The article also describes Bayesian approaches to meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, and power analysis.
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“A Bayesian approach was selected because it estimates the full probability distribution of treatment effects rather than relying on binary significance testing, allowing more informative interpretation of effect sizes and associated uncertainty [40, 41].”
From The Effect of Different Psychological Interventions on Athletes' Competitive Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kruschke, J. K., & Liddell, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kruschke, John K.
- ORCID
- Kruschke, John K.
- Venue
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Published
- 2017-02-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 178-206
- ISSN
- 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5320
- OpenAlex
- W3124625789
- Cited by
- 1,288
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 137 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 153 · 2021: 186 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 32
- FWCI
- 66.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- new statistics, Bayesian analysis, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, credible intervals, meta-analysis, power analysis, randomized controlled trials
- MeSH terms
- Bayes Theorem, Humans, Research Design, Statistics as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Uncertainty
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