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Cited by 1,959Sentiment Analysis and Opinion MiningEmotion and Mood RecognitionCategorization, perception, and language

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas

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Warriner, Amy Beth, Kuperman, Victor, Brysbaert, Marc·2013·Behavior Research Methods
DOI 10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
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Abstract

Information about the affective meanings of words is used by researchers working on emotions and moods, word recognition and memory, and text-based sentiment analysis. Three components of emotions are traditionally distinguished: valence (the pleasantness of a stimulus), arousal (the intensity of emotion provoked by a stimulus), and dominance (the degree of control exerted by a stimulus). Thus far, nearly all research has been based on the ANEW norms collected by Bradley and Lang (1999) for 1,034 words. We extended that database to nearly 14,000 English lemmas, providing researchers with a much richer source of information, including gender, age, and educational differences in emotion norms. As an example of the new possibilities, we included stimuli from nearly all of the category norms (e.g., types of diseases, occupations, and taboo words) collected by Van Overschelde, Rawson, and Dunlosky (Journal of Memory and Language 50:289-335, 2004), making it possible to include affect in studies of semantic memory.

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  1. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999). Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Stimuli, instruction manual and affective ratings (Technical Report No. C-1). Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, NIMH Center for Research in Psychophysiology.

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Metadata

Authors
Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M.
Affiliations
  • McMaster University (CA)
  • Ghent University (BE)
Corresponding author
Kuperman, Victor
ORCID
Venue
Behavior Research Methods
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-02-13
Volume
45
Issue
4
Pages
1191-1207
ISSN
  • 1554-351X (ISSN-L)
  • 1554-3528
DOI
10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
OpenAlex
W2023736093
Cited by
1,959
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 138 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 194 · 2023: 199 · 2022: 199 · 2021: 238 · 2020: 187 · 2019: 180 · 2018: 155 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 9
FWCI
80.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Behavior Research Methods (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
  • MacSphere (McMaster University) (submittedVersion)
  • MacSphere (McMaster University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords
valence, arousal, dominance, ANEW, emotional words, semantic memory, word recognition, sentiment analysis, gender differences, age differences, educational differences, taboo words
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arousal, Educational Status, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reading, Reference Values, Semantics, Sesquiterpenes, Sex Characteristics, Social Dominance, Socioeconomic Factors, Vocabulary, Word Association Tests, Databases, Factual, White People, Young Adult, Crowdsourcing

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