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A review of current guidelines for the treatment of obesity
Open accessAbstract
Two guidelines-one by the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/The Obesity Society (TOS), and the other by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)/American College of Endocrinology (ACE)-remain the standard of care in the management of overweight and obesity in adults. However, since the publication of the ACC/AHA/TOS document, several relevant pharmacotherapies have been approved by the FDA, a medication was withdrawn from the market, and several procedures and device types for weight loss have been recommended or FDA-approved. Simultaneously, research in obesity treatment has advanced, and leaders in the field have issued complementary guidance. This article summarizes and synthesizes the 2013 ACC/AHA/TOS and the 2016 AACE/ACE guidelines and includes updates from more recent professional association guidance. Measurement of body mass index is recommended to initiate evaluation for overweight and obesity and determine disease classification. To stage disease severity, weight-related conditions should be assessed. Although lifestyle therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for this disease, both pharmacotherapy and metabolic and bariatric surgery produce greater and more sustained weight loss in treatment-approved populations as compared with lifestyle modifications alone. An ongoing partnership between the patient and clinician is highly recommended to manage this serious, progressive, chronic disease.
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“long-term sustained weight loss of 10–15% can even induce T2DM remission and provide numerous other health benefits [3,4].”
From New Developments in Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—Beyond and within GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
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“A weight loss of at least 5% can delay the onset of T2DM and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases”
From New Developments in Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—Beyond and within GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone for treating obesity.”
From The expanding role of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
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“These programs typically include a calorie-restricted diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy, which together are recommended as the first-line treatment for individuals with overweight or obesity.”
From The expanding role of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
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“a sustained 5% reduction in body weight can reduce the onset and severity of T2DM and cardio-renal diseases, while long-term weight reductions of 10-15% can often facilitate remission of T2DM and deliver a spectrum of additional health benefits [4,5].”
From Recent advances in peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cornier, M.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marc‐André Cornier
- Venue
- The American Journal of Managed Care
- Published
- 2022-12-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- Suppl 15
- Pages
- S288-S296
- ISSN
- 1088-0224 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2692
- OpenAlex
- W4311890439
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 21
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Journal of Managed Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Novo Nordisk
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- obesity treatment, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, metabolic surgery, lifestyle therapy, body mass index, obesity staging, weight-related comorbidities, patient-provider partnership
- MeSH terms
- Endocrinologists, Adult, Humans, Obesity, United States, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Overweight
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