The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
RECONCILING THE STELLAR AND NEBULAR SPECTRA OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES*
Open accessAbstract
We present a combined analysis of rest-frame far-UV (FUV; 1000–2000 Å) and rest-frame optical (3600–7000 Å) composite spectra formed from very deep Keck/LRIS and Keck/MOSFIRE observations of a sample of 30 star-forming galaxies with , selected to be broadly representative of the full KBSS-MOSFIRE spectroscopic survey. Since the same massive stars are responsible for the observed FUV continuum and for the excitation of the observed nebular emission, a self-consistent stellar population synthesis model should simultaneously match the details of the FUV stellar+nebular continuum and—when inserted as the excitation source in photoionization models—predict all observed nebular emission line ratios. We find that only models including massive star binaries, having low stellar metallicity ( ) but relatively high nebular (ionized gas-phase) abundances ( ), can successfully match all of the observational constraints. We show that this apparent discrepancy is naturally explained by highly super-solar O/Fe ( ), expected for a gas whose enrichment is dominated by the products of core-collapse supernovae. While O dominates the physics of the ionized gas (and thus the nebular emission lines), Fe dominates the extreme-UV (EUV) and FUV opacity and controls the mass-loss rate from massive stars, resulting in particularly dramatic effects for massive stars in binary systems. This high nebular excitation—caused by the hard EUV spectra of Fe-poor massive stars—is much more common at high redshift than low redshift due to systematic differences in the star formation history of typical galaxies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
Cardelli, J. A., Clayton, G. C., & Mathis, J. S. (1989) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/167900 · Cited by 11,795
Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
Bruzual, G., & Charlot, S. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x · Cited by 10,500
The Chemical Composition of the Sun
Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A. J., & Scott, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 · Cited by 9,346
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/376392 · Cited by 9,071
On the variation of the initial mass function
Kroupa, P. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x · Cited by 7,499
The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star‐forming Galaxies
Calzetti, D., Armus, L., Bohlin, R. C., Kinney, A. L., Koornneef, J., & Storchi‐Bergmann, T. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/308692 · Cited by 5,717
Classification parameters for the emission-line spectra of extragalactic objects
Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R. (1981) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/130766 · Cited by 5,132
The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor
Bolatto, A. D., Wolfire, M., & Leroy, A. K. (2013) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140944 · Cited by 2,167
Binary Interaction Dominates the Evolution of Massive Stars
Sana, H., de Mink, S. E., de Koter, A., Langer, N., Evans, C. J., Gieles, M., Gosset, E., Izzard, R. G., Le Bouquin, J.-B., & Schneider, F. R. N. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223344 · Cited by 2,118
The Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
Oke, J. B., Cohen, J. G., Carr, M., Cromer, J., Dingizian, A., Harris, F. H., Labrecque, S., Lucinio, R., Schaal, W., Epps, H., et al. (1995) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/133562 · Cited by 2,099
Cited by
Eldridge, J. J., Stanway, E. R., Xiao, L., McClelland, L. A. S., Taylor, G., Ng, M., Greis, S. M. L., & Bray, J. C. (2017) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1017/pasa.2017.51 · Cited by 1,019
De re metallica: the cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies
Maiolino, R., & Mannucci, F. (2019) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-018-0112-2 · Cited by 697
Evidence from the H3 Survey That the Stellar Halo Is Entirely Comprised of Substructure
Naidu, R. P., Conroy, C., Bonaca, A., Johnson, B. D., Ting 丁, Y.-S. 源., Caldwell, N., Zaritsky, D., & Cargile, P. A. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abaef4 · Cited by 389
The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. I. Survey Design and Release Plans
Treu, T., Roberts-Borsani, G., Bradac, M., Brammer, G., Fontana, A., Henry, A., Mason, C., Morishita, T., Pentericci, L., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8158 · Cited by 270
The MOSDEF Survey: The Evolution of the Mass–Metallicity Relation from z = 0 to z ∼ 3.3*
Sanders, R. L., Shapley, A. E., Jones, T., Reddy, N. A., Kriek, M., Siana, B., Coil, A. L., Mobasher, B., Shivaei, I., Davé, R., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf4c1 · Cited by 266
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Steidel, C. C., Strom, A. L., Pettini, M., Rudie, G. C., Reddy, N. A., & Trainor, R. F.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2016-07-28
- Volume
- 826
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 159
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2400739368
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 74
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: RECONCILING THE STELLAR AND NEBULAR SPECTRA OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES*. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3847/0004-637x/826/2/159
- The paper
- Steidel, C. C., Strom, A. L., Pettini, M., Rudie, G. C., Reddy, N. A., & Trainor, R. F. (2016). RECONCILING THE STELLAR AND NEBULAR SPECTRA OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES*. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637x/826/2/159
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
