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Discovery and dynamical analysis of an extreme trans-Neptunian object with a high orbital inclination

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Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S. +58 more·2018·The Astronomical Journal
DOI 10.3847/1538-3881/aad042
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Abstract

We report the discovery and dynamical analysis of 2015 BP 519, an extreme trans-Neptunian object (TNO) detected by the Dark Energy Survey at a heliocentric distance of 55 au, perihelion of ∼36 au, and absolute magnitude H r = 4.3. The current orbit, determined from a 1110 day observational arc, has a semimajor axis a ≈ 450 au, eccentricity e ≈ 0.92, and inclination i ≈ 54°. With these orbital elements, 2015 BP 519 is the most extreme TNO discovered to date, as quantified by the reduced Kozai action, , which is a conserved quantity at fixed semimajor axis a for axisymmetric perturbations. We discuss the orbital stability and evolution of this object and find that, under the influence of the four known giant planets, 2015 BP 519 displays rich dynamical behavior, including rapid diffusion in semimajor axis and more constrained variations in eccentricity and inclination. We also consider the long-term orbital stability and evolutionary behavior within the context of the Planet Nine hypothesis and find that 2015 BP 519 adds to the circumstantial evidence for the existence of this proposed new member of the solar system, as it would represent the first member of the population of high-i, ϖ-shepherded TNOs.

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Crossref · 10.3847/1538-3881/aad042

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  • A radically excited distribution of Centaur inclinations is a natural outcome of Planet Nine induced evolution and constitutes a tantalizing line of evidence that points to Planet Nine's existence.

    “As discussed further below, a radically excited distribution of Centaur inclinations is a natural outcome of Planet Nine induced evolution, and constitutes a tantalizing line of evidence that points to Planet Nine's existence (Batygin and Brown 2016b; Batygin and Morbidelli 2017; Becker et al. 2018; see also Gomes et al. 2015).”

    From The planet nine hypothesis (2019) · cites this paper as Becker et al. 2018

  • Even the i = 54 deg orbit of 2015 BP519 has a negligible chance of being produced self-consistently through Neptune scattering.

    “This picture is further consistent with the recent simulation suite of Becker et al. (2018), who demonstrate that even the i = 54 deg orbit of 2015 BP519 has a negligible chance of being produced self-consistently through Neptune scattering.”

    From The planet nine hypothesis (2019) · cites this paper as Becker et al. (2018)

  • With the exception of the recently discovered KBO 2015 BP519, all presently known high-inclination objects are Centaurs, meaning that they have q < 30 AU.

    “With the exception of the recently discovered KBO 2015 BP519 ( i = 54 deg, q = 36 AU, a = 450 AU; Becker et al. 2018) all presently known high-inclination objects are Centaurs, meaning that they have q &lt; 30 AU, and therefore veer into inter-planetary space at perihelion.”

    From The planet nine hypothesis (2019) · cites this paper as Becker et al. 2018

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Authors
Becker, J. C., Khain, T., Hamilton, S. J., Adams, F. C., Gerdes, D. W., Zullo, L., Franson, K., Millholland, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sako, M., Bernardinelli, P., Napier, K., Markwardt, L., Lin 林, H. W. 省., Wester, W., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. C., Kind, M. C., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. D., Davis, C., Vicente, J. D., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Walker, A. R., & (DES Collaboration)
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
  • Rhodes University (ZA)
  • University of Portsmouth (GB)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • University College London (GB)
  • National Observatory (BR)
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • Institute for High Energy Physics (ES)
  • Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US)
  • Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
  • Institute of Space Sciences (ES)
  • Instituto de Física Teórica (ES)
  • SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
  • Australian Astronomical Observatory (AU)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
  • Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
  • University of Southampton (GB)
  • Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CL)
  • Brandeis University (US)
  • Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
  • Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
  • National Center for Supercomputing Applications (US)
Corresponding author
Becker, J. C.
ORCID
Venue
The Astronomical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2018-08-01
Volume
156
Issue
2
Pages
81
ISSN
  • 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-3881
DOI
10.3847/1538-3881/aad042
OpenAlex
W2804841231
Cited by
52
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4
FWCI
5.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
Keywords
extreme trans-Neptunian objects, orbital stability, orbital evolution, giant planet perturbations, Dark Energy Survey

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