Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 406

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z ∼ 9 to 2 Show a Remarkable Consistency with Halo Growth and a Constant Star Formation Efficiency

Open access
Bouwens, R. J., Oesch, P. A., Stefanon, M., Illingworth, G., Labbé, I., Reddy, N., Atek, H., Montes, M., Naidu, R., Nanayakkara, T., Nelson, E., Wilkins, S.·2021·The Astronomical Journal

Abstract

Here we provide the most comprehensive determinations of the rest-frame UV luminosity function (LF) available to date with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at z ∼ 2–9. Essentially all of the noncluster extragalactic legacy fields are utilized, including the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, the Hubble Frontier Fields parallel fields, and all five CANDELS fields, for a total survey area of 1136 arcmin 2. Our determinations include galaxies at z ∼ 2–3 leveraging the deep HDUV, UVUDF, and ERS WFC3/UVIS observations available over an ∼150 arcmin 2 area in the GOODS-North and GOODS-South regions. All together, our collective samples include >24,000 sources, >2.3× larger than previous selections with HST. We identify 5766, 6332, 7240, 3449, 1066, 601, 246, and 33 sources at z ∼ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Combining our results with an earlier z ∼ 10 LF determination by Oesch et al., we quantify the evolution of the UV LF. Our results indicate that there is (1) a smooth flattening of the faint-end slope α from α ∼ −2.4 at z ∼ 10 to α ∼ −1.5 at z ∼ 2, (2) minimal evolution in the characteristic luminosity M* at z ≥ 2.5, and (3) a monotonic increase in the normalization log 10 ϕ * from z ∼ 10 to 2, which can be well described by a simple second-order polynomial, consistent with an “accelerated” evolution scenario. We find that each of these trends (from z ∼ 10 to 2.5 at least) can be readily explained on the basis of the evolution of the halo mass function and a simple constant star formation efficiency model.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3847/1538-3881/abf83e

Cites

104 of 104 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 104 references

Cited by

See all 406

Metadata

Authors
Bouwens, R. J., Oesch, P. A., Stefanon, M., Illingworth, G., Labbé, I., Reddy, N., Atek, H., Montes, M., Naidu, R., Nanayakkara, T., Nelson, E., & Wilkins, S.
Venue
The Astronomical Journal
Published
2021-07-07
Volume
162
Issue
2
Pages
47
ISSN
  • 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-3881
OpenAlex
W3132462017
Cited by
406
References
104
FWCI
34.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z ∼ 9 to 2 Show a Remarkable Consistency with Halo Growth and a Constant Star Formation Efficiency. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3847/1538-3881/abf83e
The paper
Bouwens, R. J., Oesch, P. A., Stefanon, M., Illingworth, G., Labbé, I., Reddy, N., Atek, H., Montes, M., Naidu, R., Nanayakkara, T., Nelson, E., & Wilkins, S. (2021). New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z ∼ 9 to 2 Show a Remarkable Consistency with Halo Growth and a Constant Star Formation Efficiency. The Astronomical Journal. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abf83e

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.