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Cited by 27Radio Astronomy Observations and TechnologyGNSS positioning and interferenceStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

Structure Effects for 3417 Celestial Reference Frame Radio Sources

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Xu, M. H., Anderson, J. M., Heinkelmann, R., Lunz, S., Schuh, H., Wang, G. L.·2019·The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
DOI 10.3847/1538-4365/ab16ea
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Abstract

Geodetic/astrometric very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) has been routinely observing using various global networks for 40 yr, and it has produced more than 10 million baseline group delay, phase, and amplitude observables. These group delay observables are analyzed worldwide for geodetic and astrometric applications, for instance, to create the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The phase and amplitude observables are used in this paper, by means of closure analysis, to study intrinsic source structures and their evolution over time. The closure amplitude rms, CARMS, indicating how far away a source is from being compact in terms of morphology, is calculated for each individual source. The overall structure-effect magnitudes for 3417 ICRF radio sources are quantified. CARMS values larger than 0.3 suggest significant source structures and those larger than 0.4 indicate very extended source structures. The 30 most frequently observed sources, which constitute 40% of current geodetic VLBI observables, are studied in detail. The quality of ICRF sources for astrometry is evaluated by examining the CARMS values. It is confirmed that sources with CARMS values larger than 0.30 can contribute residual errors of about 15 ps to geodetic VLBI data analysis and those with the CARMS values larger than 0.4 generally can contribute more than 20 ps. We recommend CARMS values as an indicator of the astrometric quality for the ICRF sources and the continuous monitoring of the ICRF sources to update CARMS values with new VLBI observations as they become available.

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Authors
Xu, M. H., Anderson, J. M., Heinkelmann, R., Lunz, S., Schuh, H., & Wang, G. L.
Affiliations
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
  • GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (DE)
Corresponding author
Xu, M. H.
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2019-05-01
Volume
242
Issue
1
Pages
5
ISSN
  • 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4365
DOI
10.3847/1538-4365/ab16ea
OpenAlex
W2944231442
Cited by
27
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2021-03-12)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (11603060, 11873077)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › GNSS positioning and interference
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords
International Celestial Reference Frame, radio source structure, CARM, very long baseline interferometry, geodetic VLBI, source morphology

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