CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 22Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and PrognosisInflammatory Biomarkers in Disease PrognosisCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response

Early post-operative measurement of cytokine plasma levels combined with pre-operative bilirubin levels identify high-risk patients after liver resection

Open access
Strey·2011·International Journal of Molecular Medicine
DOI 10.3892/ijmm.2010.592PMC PMC3129137
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Identification of patients at risk of a complicated course after liver resection is crucial for adapting post-operative care. In the present study, we investigated the diagnostic value of the plasma levels of various cytokines obtained immediately after surgery. IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) concentrations were measured in 26 patients after liver resection using a cytometric bead assay and were correlated with liver function, resectate weight, surgery duration, ischemia/reperfusion, hospitalization time and occurrence of complications. Patients with post-surgical complications showed distinctive patterns of IL-6 and IL-8 as early as minutes to hours after surgery. In addition, although pre-operative bilirubin in most patients remained within the normal range, a cut-off of 1 mg/dl separated the patients into groups with different profiles of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion and different likelihoods of experiencing post-operative complications (bilirubin levels ≥1.0 vs. <1.0 mg/dl; IL-6 (4 h): 701 vs. 265; IL-8 (6 h): 262 vs. 97 pg/ml; p<0.05 for both). Extended hospitalization, related to delayed recovery, was correlated with increased IL-8 and MCP-1 immediately after surgery. In conclusion, on the basis of these observations, we suggest that early measurement of post-operative levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 can be used to identify individuals at risk of post-operative complications immediately after liver surgery.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3892/ijmm.2010.592

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Preoperative jaundice was associated with significantly higher IL-6 levels in the first hours after resection and on POD1.

    “Preoperative jaundice was associated with significantly higher IL-6 levels in the first hours after resection [20,23] and on POD1 [22], as were intraoperative blood transfusions [22].”

    From The Role of Perioperative Interleukin-6 Serum Levels on Liver Dysfunction and Infectious Complications After Hepatectomy—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Results section, ‘An elevated pre-operative plasma level of bilirubin affects cytokine secretion after liver resection,’ reports significantly higher IL-6 levels 2–6 hours after resection in patients with pre-operative bilirubin above 1.0 mg/dl. It also says most patients’ bilirubin levels were within the normal range, so describing this group as having ‘preoperative jaundice’ overstates the finding. The POD1 statement is attached to citation [22], not this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In Strey et al. 2011, impairment of coagulation function (PT <56%) or bilirubin clearance (maximum bilirubin postoperative >2 mg/dL) was associated with significantly increased IL-6 levels within the first 24 h postoperatively.

    “However, the study demonstrated that impairment of coagulation function (PT cut-off applied: <56%) or bilirubin clearance (maximum bilirubin postoperative >2 mg/dL) was associated with significantly increased IL-6 levels within the first 24 h postoperatively.”

    From The Role of Perioperative Interleukin-6 Serum Levels on Liver Dysfunction and Infectious Complications After Hepatectomy—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Results section on delayed recovery and impaired liver function (page unavailable) reports higher IL-6 with prolonged prothrombin time and a significantly more pronounced IL-6 increase with postoperative bilirubin >2 mg/dL. Our copy does not give the claimed PT cut-off of <56% or specify that the >2 mg/dL value was the postoperative maximum; it also does not explicitly call the prothrombin-time association significant. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In Strey et al. 2011, patients with various postoperative complications had higher median IL-6 levels at all explored timepoints.

    “Also, patients with various post-operative complications (bile leak, wound or abdominal infections, organ failure) had higher median levels of IL-6 at all explored timepoints.”

    From The Role of Perioperative Interleukin-6 Serum Levels on Liver Dysfunction and Infectious Complications After Hepatectomy—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Results section on delayed recovery reports higher IL-6 levels at every examined time point in patients with the listed postoperative complications. It does not report higher medians: the Materials and methods section says concentrations were expressed as means ± standard error. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Longer surgeries and major hepatectomies resulted in higher IL-6 values immediately after the end of the operation.

    “Also, longer surgeries and major hepatectomies resulted in higher IL-6 values immediately after the end of the operation [22,23], while in one study, there was no apparent correlation of extend of resection with postoperative IL-6 levels [31].”

    From The Role of Perioperative Interleukin-6 Serum Levels on Liver Dysfunction and Infectious Complications After Hepatectomy—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [23]

  • The review included 12 publications with a collective 589 patients, with a range of 14 to 128 patients.

    “A final number of 12 publications with a collective 589 patients (range 14–128) were included in this review (Table 1) [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31].”

    From The Role of Perioperative Interleukin-6 Serum Levels on Liver Dysfunction and Infectious Complications After Hepatectomy—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [23]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. [1]Garcea G Maddern GJ Liver failure after major hepatic resection J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16 145 155 2009 19110651
  2. [2]Paugam-Burtz C Janny S Delefosse D Dahmani S Dondero F Mantz J Belghiti J Prospective validation of the ‘fifty- fifty’ criteria as an early and accurate predictor of death after liver resection in intensive care unit patients Ann Surg 249 124 128 2009 19106687
  3. [3]Chun YS Ribero D Abdalla EK Madoff DC Mortenson MM Wei SH Vauthey JN Comparison of two methods of future liver remnant volume measurement J Gastrointest Surg 12 123 128 2008 17924174
  4. [4]Kishi Y Abdalla EK Chun YS Three hundred and one consecutive extended right hepatectomies: evaluation of outcome based on systematic liver volumetry Ann Surg 27 August 2009 (Epub ahead of print) 19730239
  5. [5]Kimura F Shimizu H Yoshidome H Circulating cytokines, chemokines, and stress hormones are increased in patients with organ dysfunction following liver resection J Surg Res 133 102 112 2006 16386757
  6. [6]Taub R Liver regeneration: from myth to mechanism Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5 836 847 2004 15459664
  7. [7]Strey CW Siegmund B Rosenblum S Complement and neutrophil function changes after liver resection in humans World J Surg 33 2635 2643 2009 19789912
  8. [8]Markiewski MM DeAngelis RA Lambris JD Liver inflammation and regeneration: two distinct biological phenomena or parallel pathophysiologic processes? Mol Immunol 43 45 56 2006 16002143
  9. [9]Baigrie RJ Lamont PM Kwiatkowski D Dallman MJ Morris PJ Systemic cytokine response after major surgery Br J Surg 79 757 760 1992 1393463
  10. [10]Wiezer MJ Meijer C Vuylsteke R Is major liver surgery associated with an increased systemic inflammatory response? A prospective comparison of hemihepatectomy and other major abdominal surgery Liver 19 220 227 1999 10395042
  11. [11]Mokart D Capo C Blache JL Delpero JR Houvenaeghel G Martin C Mege JL Early post-operative compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome is associated with septic complications after major surgical trauma in patients with cancer Br J Surg 89 1450 1456 2002 12390391
  12. [12]Badia JM Ayton LC Evans TJ Systemic cytokine response to hepatic resections under total vascular exclusion Eur J Surg 164 185 190 1998 9562278
  13. [13]Schmidt SC Hamann S Langrehr JM Holflich C Mittler J Jacob D Neuhaus P Preoperative high-dose steroid administration attenuates the surgical stress response following liver resection: results of a prospective randomized study J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 14 484 492 2007 17909718
  14. [14]Debonera F Krasinkas AM Gelman AE Aldeguer X Que X Shaked A Olthoff KM Dexamethasone inhibits early regenerative response of rat liver after cold preservation and transplantation Hepatology 38 1563 1572 2003 14647067
  15. [15]Imamura H Sano K Sugawara Y Kokudo N Makuuchi M Assessment of hepatic reserve for indication of hepatic resection: decision tree incorporating indocyanine green test J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 12 16 22 2005 15754094
  16. [16]Maier R Weger M Haller-Schober EM Multiplex bead analysis of vitreous and serum concentrations of inflammatory and proangiogenic factors in diabetic patients Mol Vis 14 637 643 2008 18385799 PMC2276180
  17. [17]Khan AZ Morris-Stiff G Makuuchi M Patterns of chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury and their implications for patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16 137 144 2009 19093069
  18. [18]Ferrero A Vigano L Polastri R Muratore A Eminefendic H Regge D Capussotti L Post-operative liver dysfunction and future remnant liver: where is the limit? Results of a prospective study World j Surg 31 1643 1651 2007 17551779
  19. [19]van de Poll MC Derikx JP Buurman WA Peters WH Roelofs HM Wigmore SJ Dejong CH Liver manipulation causes hepatocyte injury and precedes systemic inflammation in patients undergoing liver resection World j Surg 31 2033 2038 2007 17668263 PMC2039834
  20. [20]Clarke CN Kuboki S Tevar A Lentsch AB Edwards M CXC chemokines play a critical role in liver injury, recovery, and regeneration Am J Surg 198 415 419 2009 19716886 PMC2736150
  21. [21]Kim YI Song KE Ryeon HK Hwang YJ Yun YK Lee JW Chun BY Enhanced inflammatory cytokine production at ischemia/reperfusion in human liver resection Hepatogastroenterology 49 1077 1082 2002 12143206
  22. [22]Mokart D Merlin M Sannini A Procalcitonin, interleukin 6 and systemic inflammatory early markers of post-operative sepsis after major surgery Br J Anaesth 94 767 773 2005 15849208
  23. [23]Lin MT Yeh SL Wu MS Impact of surgery on local and systemic responses of cytokines and adhesion molecules Hepatogastroenterology 56 1341 1345 2009 19950788
  24. [24]Michalopoulos GK DeFrances MC Liver regeneration Science 276 60 66 1997 9082986
  25. [26]Yamashita Y Shimada M Hamatsu T Rikimaru T Tanaka S Shirabe K Sugimachi K Effects of preoperative steroid administration on surgical stress in hepatic resection: prospective randomized trial Arch Surg 136 328 333 2001 11231856
  26. [27]Kuboki S Shin T Huber N Hepatocyte signaling through CXC chemokine receptor-2 is detrimental to liver recovery after ischemia/reperfusion in mice Hepatology 48 1213 1223 2008 18688883 PMC2695827
  27. [28]Studzinski A Scheinichen D Stenger K Weissig A Becker T Juettner B The role of portal vein clamping for cytokine release and neutrophils activity during liver resection and transplant Exp Clin Transplant 6 254 260 2008 19338485

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Strey
Affiliations
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Corresponding author
Strey
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Spandidos Publications
Published
2011-03-01
Volume
27
Issue
3
Pages
447-54
ISSN
1107-3756 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3892/ijmm.2010.592
PMC
PMC3129137
OpenAlex
W2132035228
Cited by
22
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (A1068730)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI068730)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Keywords
hepatectomy, postoperative complications, cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, MCP-1, preoperative bilirubin, risk stratification, ischemia-reperfusion injury, postoperative hospital stay, prognostic factors
MeSH terms
Aged, Bilirubin, Female, Humans, Liver, Liver Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Period, Time Factors, Reperfusion Injury, Cytokines, Preoperative Period

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review