The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A review of high frequency surface wave radar for detection and tracking of ships
Open accessAbstract
In today's resource-driven economy, maritime nations are claiming economic borders that extend beyond the continental shelf or the 200 nautical mile (nm) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). However, claiming such large economic area places responsibilities on the parent nation to exercise jurisdiction through surveillance and enforcement. The requirement to see beyond the horizon has long been a goal of maritime security forces. Today, this is largely dependent on cooperative vessels voluntarily communicating their intentions to local shore-side authorities, as well as on those vessel sightings reported by patrollers. Recent advances in technology provide maritime nations with options to provide more systematic surveillance of both cooperative and non-cooperative targets. This paper presents an overview of a land-based High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) used to provide persistent, active, surveillance. The paper demonstrates that these radars have now reached a level of maturity where their performance is predictable and that they can, within known limits, reliably detect and track ocean going vessels throughout the EEZ.
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An emerging approach to MTT and information fusion, based on a factor graph and the sum-product algorithm (SPA), has flexibility, low complexity and useful scalability.
“An emerging approach to MTT and information fusion - one with flexibility, low complexity and useful scalability - is based on a factor graph and the sum-product algorithm (SPA) [38], [39], [49].”
From Space-Based Global Maritime Surveillance. Part II: Artificial Intelligence and Data Fusion Techniques (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
Section 8.1 describes vessel tracking by associating detections near predicted positions, but does not discuss a factor graph or the sum-product algorithm. Searches for those terms and for the claimed flexibility, low complexity, and scalability found no passage addressing this approach. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe complexity of existing MTT algorithms usually does not scale well in relevant system parameters, e.g., the number of sensors.
“And third, their complexity usually does not scale well in relevant system parameters, e.g., the number of sensors.”
From Space-Based Global Maritime Surveillance. Part II: Artificial Intelligence and Data Fusion Techniques (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Section 8.1 describes how the tracker associates detections and manages tracks, but does not discuss computational complexity. Searches for MTT algorithm complexity and scaling with the number of sensors found no passage addressing that claim; Section 8 discusses detector efficiency, not tracker scalability. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExisting MTT algorithms do not adapt to time-varying model parameters.
“Second, they do not adapt to time-varying model parameters.”
From Space-Based Global Maritime Surveillance. Part II: Artificial Intelligence and Data Fusion Techniques (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Section 8.1 describes a ship tracker’s predicted positions, motion constraints, and updates, but does not say whether existing MTT algorithms adapt to time-varying model parameters. Searches for that phrase and for changing target dynamics found no passage addressing the claimed limitation; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe fusion of heterogeneous information sources in existing MTT algorithms is not straightforward.
“First, the fusion of heterogeneous information sources is not straightforward.”
From Space-Based Global Maritime Surveillance. Part II: Artificial Intelligence and Data Fusion Techniques (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Section 8.1 describes associating radar detections into vessel tracks, while Section 5.3 discusses a trade-off in Doppler processing. Neither addresses the difficulty of fusing heterogeneous information sources in MTT algorithms. Searches for “heterogeneous,” “fusion,” and multi-target tracking across different sources found no passage making that point. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
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“Algorithms of both types have been developed and evaluated [49], [50], and several limitations have been noted.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- PONSFORD, T., & WANG, J.
- Venue
- Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
- Published
- 2010-01-01
- ISSN
- 1300-0632 (ISSN-L)
- 1303-6203
- OpenAlex
- W2105912452
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES (publishedVersion)
- DergiPark (Istanbul University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Radar Systems and Signal Processing
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Radio Wave Propagation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Keywords
- high frequency surface wave radar, ship detection, vessel tracking, maritime surveillance, maritime security, exclusive economic zone, non-cooperative targets
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