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Cited by 168Nuts composition and effectsBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and Health

The effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

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Mohammadifard, Noushin, Salehi-Abargouei, Amin, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Humphries, Karin, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal·2015·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/ajcn.114.091595
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Abstract

Background Although several studies have assessed the effects of nut consumption (tree nuts, peanuts, and soy nuts) on blood pressure (BP), the results are conflicting. Objective The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of nut consumption on BP. Design The databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs carried out between 1958 and October 2013 that reported the effect of consuming single or mixed nuts (including walnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, peanuts, and soy nuts) on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) as primary or secondary outcomes in adult populations aged ≥18 y. Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts and titles and the full text. Studies that evaluated the effects for <2 wk or in which the control group ingested different healthy oils were excluded. Mean ± SD changes in SBP and DBP in each treatment group were recorded for meta-analysis. Results Twenty-one RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that nut consumption leads to a significant reduction in SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes [mean difference (MD): -1.29; 95% CI: -2.35, -0.22; P = 0.02] but not in the total population. Subgroup analyses of different nut types suggest that pistachios, but not other nuts, significantly reduce SBP (MD: -1.82; 95% CI: -2.97, -0.67; P = 0.002). Our study suggests that pistachios (MD: -0.80; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.17; P = 0.01) and mixed nuts (MD: -1.19; 95% CI: -2.35, -0.03; P = 0.04) have a significant reducing effect on DBP. We found no significant changes in DBP after the consumption of other nuts. Conclusions Total nut consumption lowered SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes. Pistachios seemed to have the strongest effect on reducing SBP and DBP. Mixed nuts also reduced DBP.

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Authors
Mohammadifard, N., Salehi-Abargouei, A., Salas-Salvadó, J., Guasch-Ferré, M., Humphries, K., & Sarrafzadegan, N.
Affiliations
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Mohammadifard, Noushin
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-05
Volume
101
Issue
5
Pages
966-982
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/ajcn.114.091595
OpenAlex
W1991877144
Cited by
168
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 4
FWCI
2.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Keywords
nut consumption, tree nuts, groundnut, blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pistachio, mixed nuts, type 2 diabetes, dietary intervention, hypertension prevention, Juglans regia, almond, hazelnut, Anacardium occidentale, macadamia nuts, Carya illinoinensis
MeSH terms
Blood Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Humans, Nuts, Arachis, Glycine max, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Databases, Factual, Prunus, Pistacia, Anacardium, Corylus, Juglans, Carya

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