Universal equation for estimating ideal body weight and body weight at any BMI
Open accessAbstract
Background Ideal body weight (IBW) equations and body mass index (BMI) ranges have both been used to delineate healthy or normal weight ranges, although these 2 different approaches are at odds with each other. In particular, past IBW equations are misaligned with BMI values, and unlike BMI, the equations have failed to recognize that there is a range of ideal or target body weights.Objective For the first time, to our knowledge, we merged the concepts of a linear IBW equation and of defining target body weights in terms of BMI.Design With the use of calculus and approximations, we derived an easy-to-use linear equation that clinicians can use to calculate both IBW and body weight at any target BMI value. We measured the empirical accuracy of the equation with the use of NHANES data and performed a comparative analysis with past IBW equations.Results Our linear equation allowed us to calculate body weights for any BMI and height with a mean empirical accuracy of 0.5-0.7% on the basis of NHANES data. Moreover, we showed that our body weight equation directly aligns with BMI values for both men and women, which avoids the overestimation and underestimation problems at the upper and lower ends of the height spectrum that have plagued past IBW equations.Conclusions Our linear equation increases the sophistication of IBW equations by replacing them with a single universal equation that calculates both IBW and body weight at any target BMI and height. Therefore, our equation is compatible with BMI and can be applied with the use of mental math or a calculator without the need for an app, which makes it a useful tool for both health practitioners and the general public.
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- Authors
- Peterson, C. M., Thomas, D. M., Blackburn, G. L., & Heymsfield, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University System (US)
- Montclair State University (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Courtney M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1197-1203
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4841935
- OpenAlex
- W2334081495
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (U54GM104940, 1 U54 GM104940, GM104940)
- National Institutes of Health (GM104940)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM104940, U54GM104940)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK040561)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- ideal body weight, body mass index, linear equations, weight estimation, body height, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Height, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Nutrition Surveys, Body Mass Index, Ideal Body Weight
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