The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Nitrate-Independent Blood Pressure–Lowering Effect of Beetroot Juice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Beetroot is considered a complementary treatment for hypertension because of its high content of inorganic NO 3 This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify several aspects of beetroot juice supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and the reference lists of previous reviews. Randomized clinical trials that investigated the effects of beetroot juice on resting blood pressure in humans were recruited for quality assessment, meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions; of these, 22 were conducted between 2009 and 2017 and included a total of 47 intervention (n = 650) and 43 control (n = 598) groups. Overall, SBP (-3.55 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.55, -2.54 mm Hg) and DBP (-1.32 mm Hg; 95% CI: -1.97, -0.68 mm Hg) were significantly lower in the beetroot juice-supplemented groups than in the control groups. The mean difference of SBP was larger between beetroot juice-supplemented and control groups in the longer than in the shorter (≥14 compared with <14 d) study durations (-5.11 compared with -2.67 mm Hg) and the highest compared with the lowest (500 compared with 70 and 140 mL/d) doses of beetroot juice (-4.78 compared with -2.37 mm Hg). A positive correlation was observed between beetroot juice doses and the mean differences of blood pressures. In contrast, a smaller effect size of blood pressures was observed after supplementation with higher NO 3 (milligrams per 100 mL beetroot juice). A weak effect size was observed in a meta-analysis of trials that used NO 3-depleted beetroot juice as a placebo compared with other interventions (-3.09 compared with -4.51 mm Hg for SBP and -0.81 compared with -2.01 mm Hg for DBP). Our results demonstrate the blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and highlight its potential NO 3-independent effects.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, some of these antihypertensive effects appear to be independent of nitrate content, which suggests that there are synergistic interactions with other phytochemicals [22].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
PRISMA-P Group, Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. A. (2015) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1 · Cited by 26,223
Chobanian, A. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 · Cited by 25,386
Mills, K. T., Bundy, J. D., Kelly, T. N., Reed, J. E., Kearney, P. M., Reynolds, K., Chen, J., & He, J. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018912 · Cited by 3,531
The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Gladwin, M. T. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2466 · Cited by 2,739 · cited 1×
“important physiologic mediator in regulating blood pressure (11).”
BackgroundWebb, A. J., Patel, N., Loukogeorgakis, S., Okorie, M., Aboud, Z., Misra, S., Rashid, R., Miall, P., Deanfield, J., Benjamin, N., et al. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.103523 · Cited by 1,078
Bailey, S. J., Winyard, P., Vanhatalo, A., Blackwell, J. R., DiMenna, F. J., Wilkerson, D. P., Tarr, J., Benjamin, N., & Jones, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009 · Cited by 759
The Potential Benefits of Red Beetroot Supplementation in Health and Disease
Clifford, T., Howatson, G., West, D., & Stevenson, E. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042801 · Cited by 635
Beyond Medications and Diet: Alternative Approaches to Lowering Blood Pressure
Brook, R. D., Appel, L. J., Rubenfire, M., Ogedegbe, G. G., Bisognano, J. D., Elliott, W. J., Fuchs, F. D., Hughes, J. W., Lackland, D. T., Staffileno, B. A., et al. (2013) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0b013e318293645f · Cited by 607
Bailey, S. J., Fulford, J., Vanhatalo, A., Winyard, P. G., Blackwell, J. R., DiMenna, F. J., Wilkerson, D. P., Benjamin, N., & Jones, A. M. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00046.2010 · Cited by 607
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Singh, 2014, Chemical composition, functional properties and processing of beetroot—a review, Int J Sci Eng Res, 5, 679
- Aucouturier, 2015, Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on tolerance to supramaximal intensity intermittent exercise, Nitric Oxide, 49, 16, 10.1016/j.niox.2015.05.004 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension
Valenzuela, P. L., Carrera‐Bastos, P., Gálvez, B. G., Ruiz‐Hurtado, G., Ordovás, J. M., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucía, A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9 · Cited by 400
The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease
Tonelli, A., Lumngwena, E. N., & Ntusi, N. (2023) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3 · Cited by 184
Grosso, G., Godos, J., Currenti, W., Micek, A., Falzone, L., Libra, M., Giampieri, F., Forbes-Hernández, T. Y., Quiles, J. L., Battino, M. A., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030545 · Cited by 174
Regulation of vascular tone homeostasis by NO and H2S: Implications in hypertension
Gheibi, S., Jeddi, S., Kashfi, K., & Ghasemi, A. (2018) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.017 · Cited by 121
Self-citationThe benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review
Zamani, H., de Joode, M. E. J. R., Hossein, I. J., Henckens, N. F. T., Guggeis, M. A., Berends, J. E., de Kok, T. M. C. M., & van Breda, S. G. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1746629 · Cited by 122
Metadata
- Authors
- Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Kabir, A., Azizi, F., & Ghasemi, A.
- Affiliations
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (IR)
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (IR)
- Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Ghasemi, Asghar
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 830-838
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC5683004
- OpenAlex
- W2772708097
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2018-05-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- beetroot juice, blood pressure reduction, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, dietary nitrate, dietary supplementation, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Adult, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrates, Dietary Supplements, Beta vulgaris
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
