XPS Study of Sol-Gel Produced Lanthanum Oxide Thin Films
Open accessAbstract
La2O3 thin films were prepared by a sol–gel method and annealed in air and vacuum at various temperatures. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the properties and composition of films. The La 3d and O 1s spectra of films were analysed. It was shown that oxygen ions in La2O3 are in two states – O2– anions connected with lanthanum, and oxygen in the (OH)– group. The thermal transformation of lanthanum hydroxide to oxide process was triggered by thermal treatment at temperatures above 600 K. It was shown that after annealing thin films for longer time intervals in vacuum the intensity of O2– component increases and the intensity of oxygen in (OH)– decreases. The drop of oxygen in the (OH)– group was attributed to dehydration process.
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The La/Ni fluctuations are likely formed due to NiO evaporation and interaction of film surface with environment during heat treatment.
“These fluctuations are likely formed due to NiO evaporation and an interaction of the film surface with the environment during the heat treatment [50,51,52,53,54,55].”
From Control of Columnar Grain Microstructure in CSD LaNiO3 Films (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
The Introduction (page not available) says that exposure of rare-earth oxide films to ambient air can cause surface reactions and stoichiometry variation, and describes water absorption by LaNiO₃₋δ after annealing. It does not attribute La/Ni fluctuations to NiO evaporation or establish that the environmental interaction occurs during heat treatment rather than after exposure to air. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe film surface changes in composition due to NiO evaporation and interaction with atmosphere.
“As it was pointed earlier (see Figure 2), the film surface changes in composition due to NiO evaporation and interaction with the atmosphere [50,51,52,53,54,55].”
From Control of Columnar Grain Microstructure in CSD LaNiO3 Films (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
The Introduction (page not available) says exposure to ambient air can cause reactions and surface stoichiometry changes in rare-earth oxide films. The paper does not attribute such changes to NiO evaporation; its own experiments concern La₂O₃ films. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Research works printed but not linked: 5
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- Authors
- Baškys, E., Bondarenka, V., Grebinskij, S., Senulis, M., & Sereika, R.
- Affiliations
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (LT)
- Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences (LT)
- ORCID
- Sereika, Raimundas
- Venue
- Lithuanian Journal of Physics
- Publisher
- Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 120-124
- ISSN
- 1648-8504 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4234286705
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Lithuanian Journal of Physics (publishedVersion)
- Vytautas Magnus University (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Semiconductor materials and devices
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advanced Materials and Semiconductor Technologies
- Keywords
- sol-gel synthesis, annealing, vacuum annealing
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