The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SARM1, Not MyD88, Mediates TLR7/TLR9-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is a key aspect of many different neurologic diseases, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. Recent studies have suggested a mechanism of innate immune-induced neuronal apoptosis through the stimulation of endosomal TLRs in neurons. TLRs are stimulated both by pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as by damage-associated molecular patterns, including microRNAs released by damaged neurons. In the present study, we identified the mechanism responsible for TLR7/TLR9-mediated neuronal apoptosis. TLR-induced apoptosis required endosomal localization of TLRs but was independent of MyD88 signaling. Instead, apoptosis required the TLR adaptor molecule SARM1, which localized to the mitochondria following TLR activation and was associated with mitochondrial accumulation in neurites. Deficiency in SARM1 inhibited both mitochondrial accumulation in neurites and TLR-induced apoptosis. These studies identify a non–MyD88 pathway of TLR7/ TLR9 signaling in neurons and provide a mechanism for how innate immune responses in the CNS directly induce neuronal damage.
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“neuronal apoptosis induced by ssRNA derived from human endogenous retrovirus K, or the TLR7/8 ligand imiquimod requires SARM1, but not MyD88 [7, 83].”
From Neurodegenerative disease-associated microRNAs acting as signaling molecules modulate CNS neuron structure and viability (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
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Primer3—new capabilities and interfaces
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Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88–dependent signaling pathway
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Targeted Disruption of the MyD88 Gene Results in Loss of IL-1- and IL-18-Mediated Function
Adachi, O., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., Matsumoto, M., Tsutsui, H., Sakagami, M., Nakanishi, K., & Akira, S. (1998) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80596-8 · Cited by 2,041
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MicroRNAs bind to Toll-like receptors to induce prometastatic inflammatory response
Fabbri, M., Paone, A., Calore, F., Galli, R., Gaudio, E., Santhanam, R., Lovat, F., Fadda, P., Mao, C., Nuovo, G. J., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1209414109 · Cited by 1,434
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
Barton, G. M., & Medzhitov, R. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1085536 · Cited by 1,265
An unconventional role for miRNA: let-7 activates toll-like receptor 7 and causes neurodegeneration
Lehmann, S. M., Krüger, C., Park, B., Derkow, K., Rosenberger, K., Baumgart, J., Trimbuch, T., Eom, G., Hinz, M., Kaul, D., et al. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3113 · Cited by 786
dSarm/Sarm1 Is Required for Activation of an Injury-Induced Axon Death Pathway
Osterloh, J. M., Yang, J., Rooney, T. M., Fox, A. N., Adalbert, R., Powell, E. H., Sheehan, A. E., Avery, M. A., Hackett, R., Logan, M. A., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223899 · Cited by 687
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Morphological Features of Cell Death
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Cited by
Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) RNA causes neurodegeneration through Toll-like receptors
Dembny, P., Newman, A. G., Singh, M., Hinz, M., Szczepek, M., Krüger, C., Adalbert, R., Dzaye, O., Trimbuch, T., Wallach, T., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.131093 · Cited by 134
Murata, H., Khine, C. C., Nishikawa, A., Yamamoto, K.-I., Kinoshita, R., & Sakaguchi, M. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.004578 · Cited by 80
Pan, Z.-G., & An, X.-S. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.115 · Cited by 50
Kumbol, V., Ivanov, A., McGurran, H., Schüler, J., Zhai, Y., Ludwik, K., Hinkelmann, L., Brehm, M., Krüger, C., Küchler, J., et al. (2025) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-025-02199-8 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Mukherjee, P., Winkler, C. W., Taylor, K. G., Woods, T. A., Nair, V., Khan, B. A., & Peterson, K. E.
- Affiliations
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840
- Research Technologies Branch, Microscopy Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840
- ORCID
- Khan, Burhan A
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4913-4921
- ISSN
- 0022-1767
- 1550-6606
- PMC
- PMC4769638
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 37
- Language
- en
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: SARM1, Not MyD88, Mediates TLR7/TLR9-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.1500953
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- Mukherjee, P., Winkler, C. W., Taylor, K. G., Woods, T. A., Nair, V., Khan, B. A., & Peterson, K. E. (2015). SARM1, Not MyD88, Mediates TLR7/TLR9-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1500953
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