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Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Do Not Activate Langerhans Cells: A Possible Immune Escape Mechanism Used by Human Papillomaviruses
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses are linked to several malignancies including cervical cancer. Because human papillomavirus-infected women do not always mount protective antiviral immunity, we explored the interaction of human papillomavirus with Langerhans cells, which would be the first APCs the virus comes into contact with during infection. We determined that dendritic cells, normally targeted by vaccination procedures and Langerhans cells, normally targeted by the natural virus equally internalize human papillomavirus virus-like particles. However, in contrast to dendritic cells, Langerhans cells are not activated by human papillomavirus virus-like particles, illustrated by the lack of: up-regulating activation markers, secreting IL-12, stimulating T cells in an MLR, inducing human papillomavirus-specific immunity, and migrating from epidermal tissue. Langerhans cells, like dendritic cells, can display all of these characteristics when stimulated by proinflammatory agents. These data may define an intriguing immune escape mechanism used by human papillomavirus and form the basis for designing optimal vaccination strategies.
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“In addition, Langerhans cells were also found to be unable to initiate T-cell responses when exposed to chimeric HPV-16 virus like particles via a mechanism dependent on phosphatidylinositol kinase-3 [369,370,371,372]”
From The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis (2021) · cites this paper as [371]
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“suggesting that expression of HPV oncoproteins in the infected epithelium deregulates inflammatory responses in order to sustain viral persistence.”
From The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis (2021) · cites this paper as [371]
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“Furthermore, Langerhans cells, the major antigen presenting cell population of the skin, were demonstrated to be reduced in numbers in HPV-associated lesions, potentially via down regulation of E-cadherin expression mediated by E6.”
From The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis (2021) · cites this paper as [371]
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Cited by
Basukala, O., & Banks, L. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13101892 · Cited by 137
Metadata
- Authors
- Fausch, S. C., Da Silva, D. M., Rudolf, M. P., & Kast, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood, IL 60153
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3242-3249
- ISSN
- 0022-1767
- 1550-6606
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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- The paper
- Fausch, S. C., Da Silva, D. M., Rudolf, M. P., & Kast, W. M. (2002). Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Do Not Activate Langerhans Cells: A Possible Immune Escape Mechanism Used by Human Papillomaviruses. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3242
