The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Directly Promote Activated CD4+ T Cell Survival
Open accessAbstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is an important mechanism for optimal cellular immune responses. APC TLR engagement indirectly enhances activated CD4+ T cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival by promoting the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. However, TLRs are also expressed on CD4+ T cells, suggesting that PAMPs may also act directly on activated CD4+ T cells to mediate functional responses. In this study, we show that activated mouse CD4+ T cells express TLR-3 and TLR-9 but not TLR-2 and TLR-4. Treatment of highly purified activated CD4+ T cells with the dsRNA synthetic analog poly(I:C) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG DNA), respective ligands for TLR-3 and TLR-9, directly enhanced their survival without augmenting proliferation. In contrast, peptidoglycan and LPS, respective ligands for TLR-2 and TLR-4 had no effect. Enhanced survival mediated by either poly(I:C) or CpG DNA required NF-κB activation and was associated with Bcl-xL up-regulation. However, only CpG DNA, but not poly(I:C)-mediated effects on activated CD4+ T cells required the TLR/IL-1R domain containing adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PAMPs can directly promote activated CD4+ T cell survival, suggesting that TLRs on T cells can directly modulate adaptive immune responses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491 · cited 2×
“As previous studies conducted with TLR ligand-treated APCs from TLR knockout mice demonstrated that NF- B and MAPK induction requires the expression of cognate TLRs, we used TLR ligands to validate our observed pattern of TLR expression in activated CD4 T cells (18, 27, 40).”
MethodRecognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 5,590
Hoshino, K., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, Y., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3749 · Cited by 3,374
Role of Adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-Independent Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway
Yamamoto, M., Sato, S., Hemmi, H., Hoshino, K., Kaisho, T., Sanjo, H., Takeuchi, O., Sugiyama, M., Okabe, M., Takeda, K., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087262 · Cited by 3,235
IKKε and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway
Fitzgerald, K. A., McWhirter, S. M., Faia, K. L., Rowe, D. C., Latz, E., Golenbock, D. T., Coyle, A. J., Liao, S.-M., & Maniatis, T. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni921 · Cited by 2,676
Unresponsiveness of MyD88-Deficient Mice to Endotoxin
Kawai, T., Adachi, O., Ogawa, T., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80086-2 · Cited by 2,076
Targeted Disruption of the MyD88 Gene Results in Loss of IL-1- and IL-18-Mediated Function
Adachi, O., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., Matsumoto, M., Tsutsui, H., Sakagami, M., Nakanishi, K., & Akira, S. (1998) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80596-8 · Cited by 2,041
Hornung, V., Rothenfusser, S., Britsch, S., Krug, A., Jahrsdörfer, B., Giese, T., Endres, S., & Hartmann, G. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4531 · Cited by 1,935
Akira, S. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r300028200 · Cited by 1,479
Cited by
Allan, S. E., Crome, S. Q., Crellin, N. K., Passerini, L., Steiner, T. S., Bacchetta, R., Roncarolo, M. G., & Levings, M. K. (2007) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm014 · Cited by 872
Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Joosten, L. A. B., Koenders, M. I., Devesa, I., Roelofs, M. F., Radstake, T. R. D. J., Heuvelmans-Jacobs, M., Akira, S., Nicklin, M. J. H., Ribeiro-Dias, F., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32639 · Cited by 527
Cutting Edge: Activation of STING in T Cells Induces Type I IFN Responses and Cell Death
Larkin, B., Ilyukha, V., Sorokin, M., Buzdin, A., Vannier, E., & Poltorak, A. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601999 · Cited by 361
TLR agonists: our best frenemy in cancer immunotherapy
Kaczanowska, S., Joseph, A. M., & Davila, E. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1012501 · Cited by 339
Effect of intestinal microbiota on the induction of regulatory CD25+ CD4+ T cells
Ishikawa, H., Tanaka, K., Maeda, Y., Aiba, Y., Hata, A., Tsuji, N. M., Koga, Y., & Matsumoto, T. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03668.x · Cited by 131
Metadata
- Authors
- Gelman, A. E., Zhang, J., Choi, Y., & Turka, L. A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 6065-6073
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1950448919
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 53
- FWCI
- 11.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Directly Promote Activated CD4+ T Cell Survival. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6065
- The paper
- Gelman, A. E., Zhang, J., Choi, Y., & Turka, L. A. (2004). Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Directly Promote Activated CD4+ T Cell Survival. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6065
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
