Gadoxetate acid-enhanced MR imaging for HCC: A review for clinicians
Open accessAbstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasingly being detected at an earlier stage, owing to the screening programs and regular imaging follow-up in high-risk populations. Small HCCs still pose diagnostic challenges on imaging due to decreased sensitivity and increased frequency of atypical features. Differentiating early HCC from premalignant or benign nodules is important as management differs and has implications on both the quality of life and the overall survival for the patients. Gadoxetate acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA, Primovist(®), Bayer Schering Pharma) is a relatively new, safe and well-tolerated liver-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver that has combined perfusion- and hepatocyte-specific properties, allowing for the acquisition of both dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images. Its high biliary uptake and excretion improves lesion detection and characterization by increasing liver-to-lesion conspicuity in the added hepatobiliary phase imaging. To date, gadoxetate acid-enhanced MRI has been mostly shown to be superior to unenhanced MRI, computed tomography, and other types of contrast agents in the detection and characterization of liver lesions. This review article focuses on the evolving role of gadoxetate acid in the characterization of HCC, differentiating it from other mimickers of HCC.
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In case of high amounts of macrophages present in the lesion, a condition often observed in well-differentiated HCC, SPION will not allow for accurate discrimination between malignant and benign liver lesions.
“Furthermore, in case of high amounts of macrophages present in the lesion, a condition often observed in well-differentiated HCC, SPION will not allow for accurate discrimination between malignant and benign liver lesions.”
From Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications (2019) · cites this paper as [151]
Primovist shows superiority in HCC detection due to specific uptake by hepatocytes instead of macrophages.
“Conversely, in such situations, Primovist® shows superiority in HCC detection, due to specific uptake by hepatocytes instead of macrophages [151].”
From Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications (2019) · cites this paper as [151]
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- [98]Blondin D Erhardt A Crynen K Diagnosis of focal liver lesions in cirrhotic patients: comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound using sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) microbubbles and MRI using Gd-EOB-DTPA Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 2011 49 1 23 29 21225534
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Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications
Dadfar, S. M., Roemhild, K., Drude, N. I., von Stillfried, S., Knüchel, R., Kiessling, F., & Lammers, T. (2019) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.005 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chanyaputhipong, J., Low, S.-C. A., & Chow, P. K. H.
- Affiliations
- Singapore General Hospital (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Low, Su-Chong Albert
- ORCID
- Chow, Pierce K. H.
- Venue
- International Journal of Hepatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 2011
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 2090-3448 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-3456
- PMC
- PMC3170825
- OpenAlex
- W1991749949
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Hepatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › MRI in cancer diagnosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatobiliary phase imaging, liver-specific contrast agents, differential diagnosis of liver nodules, liver MRI
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