The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 54 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO
Open accessAbstract
INPC) respecto de la importancia del antiguo Trapiche de Mascarilla como bien patrimonial material de los afrodescendientes del Ecuador.El objetivo del estudio fue contar con un basamento técnico-científico, con perspectiva antropológica y de arqueología histórica, que fundamente el proyecto de rehabilitación y salvaguardia de este bien patrimonial para la construcción futura de un museo de la memoria de la Diáspora africana de las Américas en Ecuador.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The article argues that the ruined Trapiche de Mascarilla, an old sugar mill in Ecuador’s Chota Valley, is a material heritage site and a living place of memory of Afro-Ecuadorian slavery and resistance. Based on a 2012 INPC ethnographic and ethnohistorical study, it proposes safeguarding the site and creating a museum of the memory of the African diaspora.
Key findings
- The trapiche is described as one of the few late-colonial buildings in the Valle del Chota made of cal y canto, with stone galleries; it is inventoried under Code BI-04-04-50-000-000002 and protected by the Cultural Heritage Law. The property has an approximate area of 2,000 m² and an estimated 315 m² of construction, including the old trapiche and the recent Centro Juvenil de Mascarilla; it belongs to a community women’s association (GAEN).
- Historical context: Mascarilla is part of 52 communities descended from enslaved people introduced by the Jesuits from the 17th century. A 1780 estimate cited in the paper counts 2,615 slaves in the region, of whom 1,364 were assigned to heavy work in 1,037 cuadras of cane; slavery was legally abolished in 1852, followed by concertaje and huasipungo.
- Oral histories link the trapiche to hacienda exploitation and peasant land struggle: the hacienda is described as about 350 hectares by Asael Acosta and about 370 hectares with 22 huasipungueros by Fabián Méndez Viscarra. In 1966 the government delivered the hacienda to 37 organized family groups, with approximately 3 hectares per family; testimonies cite wages of 60 sucres, 2.50 then 3.50 then 4.50 sucres, and 1.50 sucres.
- The paper concludes that the trapiche is a “lugar de memoria” and memento for Afro-Ecuadorian identity. Community member Anita Lucía Lara of GAEN wants a museum with audiovisual aids and photographs of leaders such as “mamá Martha”; the author proposes historical archaeology of the Afro-Ecuadorian diaspora, citing Balanzátegui (2017) as having begun this work in Ecuador.
Methods
- The study was commissioned by the Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (INPC) in 2012 as an ethnographic and ethnohistorical approximation of the Afro-Ecuadorian community of Mascarilla and the ruins of its cane trapiche. It used a qualitative anthropological approach privileging documentary information, oral memory, and ethnography, with observations and interviews with elders, youth, and women interested in preserving the site.
- Fieldwork was located in Mascarilla, Cantón Mira, province of Carchi. The article draws on oral testimonies from named community members, including Asael Acosta, Ismael Padilla, Alonso Mina Colorado, Piedad María Socorro Espinoza Sánchez, María Angélica Arce, Aurora Georgina Acosta Navarro, Aucímaro Espinosa, Fabián Heriberto Méndez Viscarra, Willson Aureliano Vinueza, and Anita Lucía Lara.
- Analysis is framed through dense description (Geertz) and oral history, and the article is presented as an adaptation of the conclusions of the 2012 INPC study. It also reviews literature on Afro-descendant heritage and historical archaeology and proposes a future historical-archaeology model for Afro-Ecuadorian sites.
Limitations
- Stated in the paper: oral history reveals limits between the real event and the ways it is remembered, with controversies between narrative and event (Portelli 1991). The paper also states that historical archaeology has not yet fully addressed Afro-descendant material culture, and that in Ecuador this field has been begun by Balanzátegui (2017).
- Evident from the text: the study relies on qualitative oral testimonies and documentary review rather than archaeological excavation of the trapiche itself; the construction date is uncertain (“al parecer, a mediados del siglo XIX”), and some figures conflict across testimonies (e.g., hacienda size of about 350 vs. about 370 hectares; varying wage figures).
- Evident from the text: the article is an adaptation of conclusions from a 2012 INPC study, not a full technical report, and the museum/safeguarding proposal is prospective rather than evaluated.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
52 Sources not found · 40 Own result · 23 Own interpretation · 3 Own method · 2 Not checked yet
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mascarilla en ese entonces se configuraba territorialmente a partir del modelo de la hacienda: la casa de hacienda, el trapiche, las tierras sembradas de caña de azúcar y los huasipungueros y sus chozas con techos de paja y paredes de barro.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Comienza así un proceso complejo de defensa y expropiación de la hacienda Mascarilla, proceso que culminó en 1966, cuando el gobierno entrega la hacienda a treinta y siete grupos familiares organizados”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nos pagaban muy poco, pero trabajamos con amor.”
- Also stated in: § La vida en el Trapiche · plain
“Le pagaban muy poco y solo lo que los patrones consideraban.”
- Also stated in: § La vida en el Trapiche · plain
“Ese dinero alcanzaba apenas para sobrevivir y para ayudarse sembraban en los terrenos yuca, camote y frejol.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § La vida en el Trapiche · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La hacienda de Mascarilla tuvo varios dueños.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En lo que es hoy Mascarilla, los campesinos afroecuatorianos, exesclavos, se mantenían en chozas alrededor de la hacienda y del trapiche.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mucha gente llegaba allí a pedir trabajo, a pesar de las condiciones laborales sumamente precarias.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Igualmente, las lecturas que sobre el Trapiche de Mascarilla hacen los campesinos afroecuatorianos, por medio de los relatos orales, expresan experiencias de historia y memoria que fortalecen su identidad.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“En la década de 1950 los campesinos de la hacienda Caldera (Cantón Bolívar) protagonizaron varios episodios de revueltas.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rodríguez (1994)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“La subordinación de los campesinos adquiere otro carácter: el trabajo antes sancionado socialmente por una relación servil”
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
“con el patrón y dueño de sus vidas, se convierte en un trabajo contractual a cambio de un salario y del huasipungo (Espín 1996:32).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Espín 1996:32
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“construcción que podría constituir un elemento de la cultura material asociado a la historia de la esclavitud africana en esta región del Ecuador”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Introducción
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 62
- It may state two separate claims as one. 52
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In the paper
“Los dueños no aceptan estas exigencias y se declara un paro que dura ocho meses.Al final de este se logra la entrega de algunos huasipungos”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rodríguez 1994:51
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“las comunidades demandan su reconocimiento como un bien patrimonial cultural edificado que guarde la memoria de un pueblo sometido a la esclavitud”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Introducción
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“En efecto, luego de abolido el sistema esclavista, los libertos del Chota quedan sin tierra y sin alternativa distinta a continuar al servicio de su antiguo amo y dueño de las haciendas, quien pasa a emplearlos como peones con salarios de miseria e incluso arrendándoles porciones de tierras a cambio de varios días de jornal sin ninguna compensación económica.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Espín 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ella relata haber trabajado en el trapiche desde los 18 años.Empapelaba los dulces, limpiaba la caña en un sitio que le llamaba La Playa de Pambahacienda.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Para ella, este grupo no tiene fines de lucro y se creó con el propósito de tener un espacio donde las mujeres puedan trabajar.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Las propietarias actuales del Trapiche: las GAEN
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Su patrón era Virgilio Tamayo, quien estuvo antes de Carlos Puga.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Se ha presentado la propuesta de la comunidad respecto de la salvaguardia de este monumento, cuyo objetivo sería la recuperación de la memoria colectiva como parte estratégica de la revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente en el Ecuador.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“De acuerdo con los relatos de don Asael Acosta, toda la hacienda tenía alrededor de 350 hectáreas, incluyendo lo que hoy es el pueblo de Mascarilla.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Era un gran trapiche que permitía preparar la panela, la cual era la mejor, lo mismo que el aguardiente conocido como trago.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Doña María Angélica Arce, de 84 años, también trabajó en el trapiche desde los 12 años.Desde las 6 de la mañana salía a limpiar, picar y arrancar el cogollo de la caña.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gran parte de la población de Mascarilla trabajaba en el trapiche.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Luego, con los nuevos dueños, no les dejaban llevarse”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Don Fabián Heriberto Méndez Viscarra, de 70 años, trabajó en el trapiche teniendo unos 25 años.Reemplazó a su padre (desde 1960).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anita Lucía Lara, de 37 años, pertenece al Grupo de Artesanas Esperanza Negra (GAEN) propietario del trapiche.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Las propietarias actuales del Trapiche: las GAEN
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recuerda que cuando ella tenía 10 o 12 años el trapiche ya no funcionaba, aunque todavía estaba la rueda hidráulica que pasaba el agua por la acequia y hacía dar vuelta a la rueda.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Las propietarias actuales del Trapiche: las GAEN
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eran unas 370 hectáreas aproximadamente, con 22 huasipungueros, a quienes Puga les había dado unos pedacitos de tierra para que apenas sobrevivieran.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“De igual manera, recuerda que los cuarenta y cinco jóvenes arribaron un buen día a las oficinas del IERA en Quito, cuyo director ejecutivo era el señor Bagner Mantilla, para denunciar que a pesar de haber nacido en la hacienda Mascarilla, el dueño no les quería dar trabajo, además le manifestaron su deseo colectivo de comprar la hacienda.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Según él, Carlos Puga Vaca le compró todo el territorio -incluidos los trabajadores-a Virgilio Tamayo.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A cada familia le correspondieron aproximadamente tres hectáreas de tierra, las que debían trabajar para alcanzar su sustento.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ella comenzaba sus labores desde la madrugada hasta las 5 de la tarde, al igual que los demás trabajadores.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A sus padres les pagaban 1,50 sucres,”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Don Aucímaro explica que en ese entonces se reunieron 45 jóvenes entre 20 y 30 años que no tenían dónde trabajar, con la exigencia de obtener la propiedad de la hacienda.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Esta hacienda limitaba con otras como Pambahacienda y la hacienda San Nicolás.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Según don Asael: el trapiche fue en un primer momento de Jesús Jácome.”
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral · plain
“Después pasó a manos de Virgilio Tamayo.”
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral · plain
“Más tarde la propiedad pasó a manos de Carlos Puga, a quien se le expropiaría tiempo después.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aquí (en el trapiche) el trabajo era muy fuerte, tocaba malanochar desde jueves a domingo.”
- Also stated in: § La vida en el Trapiche · plain
“Afirma que esto era la continuidad de la esclavitud, porque las largas jornadas de trabajo (desde las 5 de la mañana hasta las 7 de la noche) no les daban tiempo de trabajar su”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § La vida en el Trapiche · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Según cuenta don Aucímaro, durante el tiempo de Carlos Puga se entregaban lotes a los trabajadores para hacer sus chozas en el caserío de Mascarilla.Las chozas se establecían irregularmente en la vecina hacienda Pambahacienda.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Relata que los varones y las mujeres realizaban el mismo tipo de trabajos.Los hombres permanecían en las calentadoras hasta que el dulce estuviese listo.Luego lo ponían en moldes, secaban el dulce y las mujeres empapelaban los atados de dulces.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Su finalidad fue mantener la hacienda tal como venía.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El trapiche y la hacienda fueron conquistados por los campesinos.Se trató de un largo proceso que significó la organización de la comunidad, así como la lucha, mediante la acción de mecanismos de presión y negociación.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“De acuerdo con los relatos, el Trapiche de Mascarilla es símbolo de lucha y de la unión de la gente por un territorio, por la posesión colectiva de la tierra para el trabajo y el sustento, con el objetivo de terminar con la servidumbre, la explotación y la humillación.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aunque la casa y el trapiche no quedaron en manos de un particular, los campesinos se esforzaron por preservar estas adquisiciones.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Narra que su papá, el señor Ulpiano Espinosa, trabajó allí como hornero, su labor era la de meter el bagazo al horno para que se cocinara la miel, también trabajaba en las jornadas de molienda que eran desde el jueves en la noche hasta el sábado en la mañana.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Doña Piedad trabajó bajo el mando de sus patrones Julio Puga y Carlos Puga, quienes la maltrataban verbalmente.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El pago era de 2,50 sucres, luego subió a 3,50.Luego de la reforma agraria culminó en 4,50 sucres.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tenía una hidráulica que permitía trabajar en dos pailas y trabajar en la noche.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“el Trapiche de Mascarilla representa para los afrodescendientes del Valle del Chota un importante inmueble cuyos componentes axiológicos, históricos y patrimoniales se relacionan con la historia de la esclavitud y constituyen un elemento consustancial de su identidad cultural”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Introducción
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: El antiguo trapiche de Mascarilla fue construido a mediados del siglo XIX.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En el valle del Chota, como en otros centros esclavistas de la Real Audiencia de Quito, los esclavos hicieron resistencia mediante levantamientos, huidas y revueltas.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Para la década de 1950 se inaugura el proceso de modernización de la hacienda que culmina con la primera reforma agraria de 1964 y la entrega de huasipungos a los campesinos.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rodríguez (1994)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Armin Schwegler (1992,1991), de la Universidad de California, realizó una excavación superficial en el palenque de San Basilio, a pocos kilómetros de Cartagena, siendo el primero en hablar de este tema.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Schwegler (1992,1991)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A más de que la naciente nación debió indemnizar a los esclavistas con el sistema de manumisión, permitió que se desarrollara una nueva forma de servidumbre sustentada en el sistema del Concertaje y el Huasipungo (Ibarra 1988).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ibarra 1988
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Se plantean así fundamentos para una arqueología especializada en comunidades afrodescendientes, un modelo de estudio que se propone la reconstrucción histórica del pueblo afrodescendiente a partir de su cultura material, teniendo en cuenta sus acervos culturales como la tradición oral, el mito, el arte, el folclore, además de los aportes de las fuentes primarias (Altez y Rivas 2015).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Altez y Rivas 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Para entender la historia de los afrodescendientes de Mascarilla es necesario examinar la presencia de los esclavizados en el Ecuador, la que debe ubicarse desde el momento del descubrimiento de las costas de Esmeraldas en 1526 (Pezzi 1996:22), o desde 1553 cuando ocurre la leyenda del naufragio de Antón, Illescas y otros esclavos en la bahía de San Mateo (Esmeraldas) 5 .”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Pezzi 1996:22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Según cálculos de 1780, 13 años luego de la expulsión de los jesuitas del Ecuador 6 , en esta región existían 2.615 esclavos de todas las edades, de estos, 1.364 estaban destinados al trabajo pesado en las 1.037 cuadras de caña de estas haciendas (Coronel 199: 88).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Coronel 199: 88
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El trabajo se realizó bajo la metodología de investigación antropológica, privilegiando un enfoque cualitativo, donde la información documental, la memoria oral y la etnografía fueron las herramientas principales.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco metodológico del estudio
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hoy la zona de influencia afrodescendiente está comprendida por 9 parroquias y 5 cantones entre las provincias de Imbabura y Carchi; en ellos las comunidades han realizado un proceso de resignificación cultural y étnica y han denominado su asentamiento como Territorio Ancestral del Chota, La Concepción y Salinas (Antón 2010).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Antón 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“El autor realizó observaciones en el antiguo cementerio de Palenque, y anotó que, mediante la exploración sistemática de los restos arqueológicos, se pueden trazar inferencias respecto del origen bantú y subsahariano de los palenqueros (Suaza 1993).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suaza 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“de acuerdo con Taylor y Bogdan (1987), todo proceso etnográfico implica al menos tres actividades básicas: a) el ingreso al campo o la interacción social con los actores; b) la construcción de estrategias de campo para obtener la información y describir el fenómeno observado y; c) el registro y análisis de los datos, es decir, la interpretación.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco metodológico del estudio
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Taylor y Bogdan (1987)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Con la instauración del concertaje y el huasipungo, los peones afrodescendientes comenzaron su proceso de campesinización, momento que marcó un nuevo episodio en su vida: la organización en torno a la defensa de la tierra que se gestó a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX (Brassel Frank;Herrera Stalin;Michel Laforge 2008).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brassel Frank;Herrera Stalin;Michel Laforge 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A pesar de los progresos que la arqueología histórica ha logrado, esta disciplina aún no logra incidir a cabalidad en la cultura material de los afrodescendientes.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Por su parte el antropólogo Francisco López (2002) investigó acerca de arqueología de haciendas en el Valle del Cauca, en especial la hacienda Cañas Gordas, donde se recrea la novela La María de Jorge Isaac.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites López (2002)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Además de Estados Unidos, donde la disciplina ha tomado importancia en las últimas décadas, en América Latina existen avances en Cuba, Argentina, Brasil y Colombia 4 .”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“En el caso particular de Colombia, se han dado intentos por innovar en la arqueología histórica afrodescendiente desde los años noventa, cuando el lingüista norteamericano Armin Schwegler (1992,1991), de la Universidad de California, realizó una excavación superficial en el palenque de San Basilio, a pocos kilómetros de Cartagena, siendo el primero en hablar de este tema.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Schwegler (1992,1991)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pocas veces se aprecia que poseen un rico repertorio de lugares de memoria enmarcados en monumentos, cementerios, plazas, centros culturales, bibliotecas, museos y otros objetos de la cultura material.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“La antropología, entendida como disciplina de la cultura y como el campo que cuestiona la complejidad de la naturaleza humana (Rosaldo 1993), tiene su propio método: la etnografía, quizá la mayor contribución al desarrollo de las ciencias sociales (Adam Kupers 2000).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco metodológico del estudio
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rosaldo 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Adam Kupers 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Sin embargo, fue sustituido por el huasipungo, otra manera de sometimiento campesino a los hacendados vigente hasta 1964 cuando la dictadura militar decretó la reforma agraria (Espin 1993(Espin ,1999)).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Espin 1993(Espin ,1999)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Desde 1950 se desintegra la antigua hacienda, pero los conflictos agrarios se agudizan.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mascarilla es parte de las 52 comunidades descendientes de esclavizados que desde el siglo XVII fueron introducidas por los jesuitas para trabajar en una región andina que primero se le denominó el valle de Coange y luego valle del Chota (E.Boison 2011).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites E.Boison 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“constituye una de las pocas edificaciones presentes en el Valle del Chota hechas de cal y canto, con galeras de piedra levantada en la época (tardía) de la Colonia”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Introducción
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“De acuerdo con Rodríguez (1994), se desatan huelgas contra la hacienda y reclamos como”
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
“el pago de haberes y la entrega de huasipungos.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rodríguez (1994)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
In the paper
“Hasta entonces, seguía prevaleciendo en la zona la hacienda cañera en menor extensión y en manos de familias terratenientes locales tradicionales o no; su producción se destinaba principalmente al Ingenio Azucarero del Norte (IANCEM), que nace a inicios de los años 1960 por iniciativa de la Caja del Seguro (dueña a su vez de la hacienda Tababuela), y que se constituye posteriormente en la agroind”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Naranjo (2005:90)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Tanto el patrimonio material como el inmaterial son elementos intrínsecos de la cultura de los afrodescendientes.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Marco contextual: el patrimonio cultural afrodescendiente
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CRIESPAL; UNESCO; CONACULTURA 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Como propiedad que eran, los amos controlaban toda la vida del esclavizado, ellos decidían cuándo tenían que trabajar y descansar, cuándo debían comer, tener hijos, casarse, hacer una fiesta o realizar celebraciones como el bautismo o el matrimonio.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Costales (1964)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“En este sentido, Elizabet Jelin (2002) sostiene que los museos son portadores de marcas de la memoria que se despliegan en un escenario político entre actores en disputa.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Elizabet Jelin (2002)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“convierte en un mecanismo de revitalización de la identidad cultural afrodescendiente.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Data availability
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: La pérdida de la memoria implica la pérdida de la conciencia de ser.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Esta relación de dueños consecutivos concuerda con el relato de don Ismael Padilla, nacido en 1933, quien recuerda que su madre Martha Acosta trabajó en el trapiche como peona de la hacienda y empapeladora.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates an associationSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Para Alessandro Portelli (1981) contar una historia es levantarse contra la amenaza del tiempo.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alessandro Portelli (1981)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“De allí que, para algunas sociedades como las afroamericanas, la oralidad y la narración oral cobran importancia, ya que les permite no desconectar su presente de su historia y mantener viva su memoria colectiva e individual (Jelin 2002).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Jelin 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“De acuerdo con Odile Hoffman (2000), en el caso afrodescendiente la historia oral es consustancial al fortalecimiento de la identidad étnica y sus expresiones políticas.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Odile Hoffman (2000)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Al respecto, Norman Whitten (1992) escribió que la identidad afroecuatoriana ha sido percibida por las élites nacionales con una marcada inferioridad, aún más que la indígena, excluida y sometida a la ideología del blanqueamiento y a pretendidas estrategias de homogeneidad mestiza nacional.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Norman Whitten (1992)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Desde esta visión, la memoria corresponde a un repertorio que hay que reinventar constantemente para responder a las cambiantes condiciones del mundo en que se vive.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Para él, el trabajo (en el trapiche y la hacienda) era una esclavitud.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Al comprar la hacienda colectivamente, según don Aucímaro, se acabó el sufrimiento de los mayores.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finalmente, la recuperación de la memoria colectiva e histórica del trapiche por medio de una política de salvaguardia patrimonial sería un asunto estratégico de revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente del Ecuador.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Data availability
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: El antiguo trapiche de Mascarilla conserva una memoria colectiva e histórica afrodescendiente recuperable.
- Rests on an assumption: La identidad afrodescendiente del Ecuador necesita revitalización.
In the paper
“Para Balanzátegui (2017), la arqueología histórica de la diáspora africana en las Américas insta a la interdisciplinariedad de enfoques colaborativos e interculturales para arrojar luz respecto de cómo la cultura material refleja las condiciones de esclavitud y racialización, pero también el proceso de resistencia y reparación histórica de las comunidades.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Data availability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balanzátegui (2017)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Es desplazada por fincas que surgen”
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
“vía herencia de tierras”
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
“o por las particiones hechas de las mismas entre las familias de los antiguos trabajadores, transitando así al cultivo de productos agrícolas como el tomate, el riñón y el fréjol, mientras que las pocas haciendas que subsisten en la microrregión del Chota-Mira continúan ligadas a la agroindustria de caña para la produ”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Naranjo 2005: 92-95
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización · plain
In the paper
“Al respecto, durante los años 60 y 70 se dio un proceso organizativo de cooperativas, sindicatos o grupos de campesinos que se movilizaban por la tierra.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tamayo 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“pugnar por un espacio en el museo o en el catálogo de sitios patrimoniales materiales es conquistar un espacio en la historia de la exclusión”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: El tema de la inclusión cultural es uno de los puntos estratégicos de la agenda política afrodescendiente.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cuyo objetivo sería la recuperación de la memoria colectiva como parte estratégica de la revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente en el Ecuador.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: La revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente en Ecuador puede lograrse mediante la recuperación de la memoria colectiva y la salvaguardia del patrimonio material.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“De modo que la representación en un museo permite resolver cuestiones de inclusión y participación o, por el contrario, puede profundizar los problemas de exclusión y subordinación.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Según Portelli (1991), esto indica límites preexistentes entre el hecho real y las maneras de recordarlo.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Portelli (1991)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El Trapiche de Mascarilla es un memento, un lugar vivo de la memoria, un espacio patrimonial que salvaguardado desempeñaría un rol como el de los museos.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > Conclusiones: el Trapiche de Mascarilla y la reinvención de la memoria ancestral
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Afirma que esto era la continuidad de la esclavitud, porque las largas jornadas de trabajo (desde las 5 de la mañana hasta las 7 de la noche) no les daban tiempo de trabajar su”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > La vida en el Trapiche
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Eran los comienzos del siglo XX, los tiempos de la dominación hacendataria en Ecuador (Hurtado 1993;Guerrero 1978).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hurtado 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Guerrero 1978
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“En el contexto del tiempo histórico del Ecuador, se terminaba la guerra liberal y, con el triunfo de la revolución alfarista, se abolía el concertaje como una práctica colonial postesclavista, pero se inauguraba otra forma de explotación servil, señorial y hacendataria: el huasipungo (Quintero y Silva, 2013).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Quintero y Silva, 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Es decir, que se presentan controversias entre la narrativa y el evento.”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla: la historia oral
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Muchas asociaciones desembocaron en la conformación de la Federación de Trabajadores Agrícolas del Valle del Chota FETRAVACH (1976), y la Juventud de Trabajadores del Valle (Tamayo 1996).”
§ EL ANTIGUO TRAPICHE DE MASCARILLA, LA MEMORIA DE LA ESCLAVITUD Y EL PATRIMONIO MATERIAL AFROECUATORIANO THE OLD TRAPICHE OF MASCARILLA, THE MEMORY OF SLAVERY AND AFROECUADORIAN MATERIAL HERITAGE > El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tamayo 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
El antiguo trapiche de Mascarilla fue construido a mediados del siglo XIX.
“las ruinas de su trapiche de Caña, construido, al parecer, a mediados del siglo XIX”
The paper relies on this without support.
Las ruinas del antiguo Trapiche de Mascarilla constituyen un patrimonio material de la memoria histórica de la esclavización afroecuatoriana.
“El Trapiche de Mascarilla como patrimonio de la memoria histórica de la esclavización”
The paper relies on this without support.
Existen ruinas del antiguo Trapiche de Mascarilla.
“acercarnos a las ruinas del Trapiche de Mascarilla desde un modelo interpretativo de la arqueología histórica aplicado a comunidades afrodescendientes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Como ocurrió en toda la América Hispana con la abolición de la esclavitud, el sistema no se extinguió, más bien se modernizó y cambió de modalidad.
“Como ocurrió en toda la América Hispana con la abolición de la esclavitud, el sistema no se extinguió, más bien se modernizó y cambió de modalidad.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Las historias orales aún mantienen su vigor en estos tiempos de modernidad.
“Las historias orales aún mantienen su vigor en estos tiempos de modernidad.”
The paper relies on this without support.
La oralidad es un instrumento que relata los sucesos de la vida cotidiana, con el fin de preservar la memoria y recrear la identidad.
“La oralidad es un instrumento que relata los sucesos de la vida cotidiana, con el fin de preservar la memoria y recrear la identidad.”
The paper relies on this without support.
La comunidad de Mascarilla desciende de esclavizados africanos.
“comunidad descendiente de esclavizados africanos”
The paper relies on this without support.
La revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente en Ecuador puede lograrse mediante la recuperación de la memoria colectiva y la salvaguardia del patrimonio material.
“cuyo objetivo sería la recuperación de la memoria colectiva como parte estratégica de la revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente en el Ecuador.”
The paper relies on this without support.
El tema de la inclusión cultural es uno de los puntos estratégicos de la agenda política afrodescendiente.
“Precisamente, el tema de la inclusión cultural es uno de los puntos estratégicos de la agenda política afrodescendiente”
The paper relies on this without support.
En Ecuador existe una presencia significativa de comunidades afrodescendientes en las provincias de Esmeraldas, Imbabura y Carchi.
“lugares donde se tiene una presencia significativa de estas comunidades”
The paper relies on this without support.
La pérdida de la memoria implica la pérdida de la conciencia de ser.
“La pérdida de la memoria implica la pérdida de la conciencia de ser”
The paper relies on this without support.
El antiguo trapiche de Mascarilla conserva una memoria colectiva e histórica afrodescendiente recuperable.
“la recuperación de la memoria colectiva e histórica del trapiche”
The paper relies on this without support.
La identidad afrodescendiente del Ecuador necesita revitalización.
“revitalización de la identidad afrodescendiente del Ecuador”
Citations
Cites
(2019) · CLACSO eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvt6rm2x.66 · Cited by 1,661
As Culturas negras no Novo Mundo
Pattee, R. F., & Ramos, A. (1938) · Hispanic American Historical Review · doi:10.1215/00182168-18.4.542 · Cited by 146
La Cultura Popular en el Ecuador
Villavicencio, M. N. (2002) · Cited by 8
Therrien, M. (1997) · Revista Colombiana de Antropología · doi:10.22380/2539472x.1340
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Antón, John y L. Tuaza 2014 "La Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial Afrodescendiente: Ecuador". En La Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial Afrodescendiente. Vol. 2, editado por CRIESPAL, UNESCO Y CONACULTURA, pp. 88-128.
- Criespal, UNESCO, CONACULTURA México D.F. Antón, Sánchez, Jhon 2010 "Territorios ancestrales afroecuatorianos". En: González Miguel y otros (edi). Autonomía a Debate: Autonomía indígena y estado plurinacional en América Latina. Flacso- GTZ. Quito, pp. 219-259.
- Arcila, Graciliano 1955 "Anotaciones sobre la ubicación de Santa María la Antigua del Darien". En Boletín del Instituto de Antropología. 1 (3): 257-287. Bogotá.
- Herskovits, Merville 1958 (1941) The Myth of the Negro Past. Beacon Press, Boston.
- Ibarra, Hernán 1988 "Concertaje, jornalero y haciendas (1850-1920)". En: Escobar Santiago (coordinador). Población, Migración y empleo en el Ecuador. Quito. Ildis, pp. 103-147.
- Portelli, Alessandro 1981 "El Tiempo de mi vida: las funciones del tiempo en la historia oral". En International Journal of Oral History. Vol. 2 Número 3 noviembre de 1981, pp. 162-180. Traducción de Victoria Schussheim. Portelli, Alessandro 1991 The Death of Luiggi Trastulli: Memory and the Evenst. In the Death of Luiggi Trastulli and the Other Stories. Form and Meaning in Oral History. State University of Wisconsin Press. New York.
- Rivas, P. y Altez, Y. 2015 "Avances en Arqueología Afrovenezolana: el proyec- to antropología de la parroquia Caruao". En Revista de Arqueología Pública, 9, pp. 36-59.
- Rosaldo, Renato 1997 "Ciudadanía cultural y minorías latinas en Estados Unidos". En Culturas políticas a fin de siglo, editado por J. Pablos, pp. 242-264. FLACSO México. Mexico D.F. Rodriguez, Nina 1935 O Animismo Fetichista dos Negros Bahianos. Civilização Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mosquera-Vallejo, Y. (2021) · Diálogo andino · doi:10.4067/s0719-26812021000300027 · Cited by 5
ANCESTRAL SEEDS OF FREEDOM: CIMARRONA WISDOM AND PEDAGOGY CIMARRONA OF THE AFROCHOTEÑIDAD
Chalá Cruz, J. (2020) · Diálogo andino · doi:10.4067/s0719-26812020000300025 · Cited by 2
Verdugo, M. Á. N., & Lojano, E. R. S. (2020) · Diálogo andino · doi:10.4067/s0719-26812020000300123
Determining factors of museological culture in he city of Trujillo
Llerena, H. V., & Rodriguez, N. I. L. (2022) · SCIÉNDO · doi:10.17268/sciendo.2022.048
Richard, A. (2025) · Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage · doi:10.1080/21619441.2025.2459978
Metadata
- Authors
- Antón Sánchez, J.
- Venue
- Diálogo andino
- Publisher
- Universidad de Tarapacá
- Published
- 2019-03
- Issue
- 58
- Pages
- 7-22
- ISSN
- 0716-2278 (ISSN-L)
- 0719-2681
- OpenAlex
- W2947973352
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 7.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Diálogo andino (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Cultural Identity and Heritage
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
- Keywords
- tangible cultural heritage, memory of slavery, African diaspora, heritage rehabilitation, Afro-descendants, historical archaeology, anthropology of heritage
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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