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Cited by 32Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisCrime Patterns and InterventionsCriminal Justice and Penology

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Systematic Review of Non-Custodial Employment Programs: Impact on Recidivism Rates of Ex-Offenders

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Visher, Christy A., Winterfield, Laura, Coggeshall, Mark B.·2006·Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World
DOI 10.4073/csr.2006.1
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Abstract

The objective of this Campbell systematic review was to assess the effects of programs designed to increase employment through job training and/or job placement among formerly incarcerated persons (i.e., those recently released), aimed at improving employment and reducing recidivism. Searches of literature reviews by the first author were augmented by structured searches of nine electronic data bases, including the Campbell SPECTR database of trials to identify random assignment studies conducted after 1970. Experts in the field were consulted and relevant citations were followed up. We report narratively on the eight eligible studies. More than 6,000 older youth (aged 16-17) and adults with prior contact with the criminal justice system participated in these studies. The analyses show that employment-focused interventions for ex-offenders in these studies did not reduce recidivism, although this group of random assignment studies is highly heterogeneous both in the type of employment program delivered and the individuals enrolled in the program. Thus, the results should not be generalized to former prisoners who are enrolled in employment programs after release. The studies are also mostly out of date and the average subject was not typical of persons released from prison in the US in the early 2000s. Employment-focused interventions for former prisoners have not been adequately evaluated for their effectiveness using random assignment designs. A new generation of rigorous e…

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  • This review concurs with findings from systematic reviews of subsets of reentry programs, such as employment programs and housing schemes, that found no significant reductions in recidivism.

    “This review concurs with the findings from systematic reviews of subsets of reentry programs, such as employment programs and housing schemes. The two reviews conducted on these topics found no significant reductions in recidivism (Miller & Ngugi, 2009; Visher et al., 2006).”

    From Reentry Programs for Adult Male Offender Recidivism and Reintegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018) · cites this paper as Visher et al., 2006

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Metadata

Authors
Visher, C. A., Winterfield, L., & Coggeshall, M. B.
Affiliations
Urban Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Visher, Christy A.
Venue
Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2006-06
Volume
2
Issue
1
ISSN
1891-1803 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4073/csr.2006.1
OpenAlex
W2182140486
Cited by
32
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Campbell Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Smith Richardson Foundation
  • The Campbell Collaboration
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
Keywords
recidivism, former prisoners, job training, job placement, post-release employment, ex-offenders, program effectiveness, criminal justice system contact, juvenile offenders, prisoner reentry, generalizability of study results

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