Spatio-temporal variation in malaria transmission intensity in five agro-ecosystems in Mvomero district, Tanzania

Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Senkoro, Kesheni P.; Mayala, Benjamin K.; Rumisha, Susan F.; Rwegoshora, Rwehumbiza T.; Mlozi, Malongo R. S.; Shayo, Elizabeth H.

doi:10.4081/gh.2010.198

Cited by 67Malaria Research and ControlMosquito-borne diseases and controlBird parasitology and diseases

Spatio-temporal variation in malaria transmission intensity in five agro-ecosystems in Mvomero district, Tanzania

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Mboera, Leonard E. G., Senkoro, Kesheni P., Mayala, Benjamin K., Rumisha, Susan F., Rwegoshora, Rwehumbiza T., Mlozi, Malongo R. S., Shayo, Elizabeth H.·2010·Geospatial health

DOI 10.4081/gh.2010.198

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Abstract

In Africa, malaria is predominantly a rural disease where agriculture forms the backbone of the economy. Various agro-ecosystems and crop production systems have an impact on mosquito productivity, and hence malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out to determine spatial and temporal variations in anopheline mosquito population and malaria transmission intensity in five villages, representing different agro-ecosystems in Mvomero district, Tanzania, so as to provide baseline information for malaria interventions. The agro-ecosystems consisted of irrigated sugarcane, flooding rice irrigation, non-flooding rice irrigation, wet savannah and dry savannah. In each setting, adult mosquitoes were sampled monthly using light traps recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from August 2004 to July 2005. A total of 35,702 female mosquitoes were collected. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was the most abundant (58.9%) mosquito species. An. funestus accounted for 12.0% of the mosquitoes collected. There was a substantial village to village variation and seasonality in the density of Anopheles mosquito population, with peaks in May towards the end of the warm and rainy season. Significantly larger numbers of anophelines were collected from traditional flooding rice irrigation ecosystem (70.7%) than in non-flooding rice irrigation (8.6%), sugarcane (7.0%), wet savannah (7.3%) and dry savannah (6.4%). The overall sporozoite rates for An. gambiae and An. funestus were 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively. The combined overall sporozoite rate (An. gambiae+An. funestus) was 3.2%. The mean annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) for An. gambiae s.l. was 728 infective bites per person per year and this was significantly higher in traditional flooding rice irrigation (1351) than in other agro-ecosystems. The highest EIRs for An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus were observed during May 2005 (long rainy season) and December 2004 (short rainy season), respectively. The findings support the evidence that malaria transmission risk varies even between neighbouring villages and is influenced by agro-ecosystems. This study therefore, demonstrates the need to generate spatial and temporal data on transmission intensity on smaller scales taking into consideration agro-ecosystems that will identify area-specific transmission intensity to guide targeted control of malaria operations.

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Studies in Tanzania found the highest vector abundance in rice fields compared to sugarcane plantations and maize farms.
“Studies in Tanzania found the highest vector abundance in rice fields compared to sugarcane plantations and maize farms (Ijumba et al., 2002; Mboera et al., 2010).”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Mboera et al., 2010
The Abstract reports significantly more anopheline mosquitoes in the flooding-rice ecosystem (70.7%) than in sugarcane (7.0%). The study did not compare rice fields with maize farms, and its finding of highest abundance applies specifically to flooding rice irrigation, not rice fields generally. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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The results presented were derived based on a sprinkler-irrigated sugarcane plantation, but the effect of irrigation can vary with crop type and irrigation practice.
“The results presented were derived based on a sprinkler‐irrigated sugarcane plantation but the effect of irrigation can vary with crop type and irrigation practice (Jaleta et al., 2013; Mboera et al., 2010).”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Mboera et al., 2010

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Ijumba JN, 1997. The impact of rice and sugarcane irrigation on malaria transmission in the lower Moshi area in north- ern Tanzania. PhD Thesis, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Authors: Mboera, L. E. G., Senkoro, K. P., Mayala, B. K., Rumisha, S. F., Rwegoshora, R. T., Mlozi, M. R. S., & Shayo, E. H.
Affiliations: National Institute for Medical Research (TZ)
Sokoine University of Agriculture (TZ)
Corresponding author: Mboera, Leonard E. G.
Senkoro, Kesheni P.
Mayala, Benjamin K.
Rumisha, Susan F.
Rwegoshora, Rwehumbiza T.
Mlozi, Malongo R. S.
Shayo, Elizabeth H.
ORCID: Mboera, Leonard E. G.
Mayala, Benjamin K.
Rumisha, Susan F.
Shayo, Elizabeth H.
Venue: Geospatial health
Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
Published: 2010-05-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Pages: 167
ISSN: 1827-1987 (ISSN-L)
1970-7096
DOI: 10.4081/gh.2010.198
OpenAlex: W2162594742
Cited by: 66
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 4.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Geospatial health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CNR SOLAR (Scientific Open-access Literature Archive and Repository) (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
Keywords: malaria transmission intensity, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus, entomological inoculation rate, sporozoite rate, agroecosystems, sugarcane, savanna, seasonal variation, mosquito abundance, Mvomero District, rural malaria
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Anopheles, Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Geography, Humans, Insect Vectors, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Culicidae, Risk Factors, Seasons, Tanzania, Time Factors, Ecosystem, Malaria Vaccines, Geographic Information Systems, Epidemiological Monitoring

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Spatio-temporal variation in malaria transmission intensity in five agro-ecosystems in Mvomero district, Tanzania

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