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Paradoxical Trend for Improvement in Mental Health With Aging: A Community-Based Study of 1,546 Adults Aged 21–100 Years
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Studies of aging usually focus on trajectories of physical and cognitive function, with far less emphasis on overall mental health, despite its impact on general health and mortality. This study examined linear and nonlinear trends of physical, cognitive, and mental health over the entire adult lifespan. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,546 individuals aged 21-100 years, selected using random digit dialing for the Successful AGing Evaluation (SAGE) study, a structured multicohort investigation that included telephone interviews and in-home surveys of community-based adults without dementia. Data were collected from 1/26/2010 to 10/07/2011 targeting participants aged 50-100 years and from 6/25/2012 to 7/15/2013 targeting participants aged 21-100 years with an emphasis on adding younger individuals. Data included self-report measures of physical health, measures of both positive and negative attributes of mental health, and a phone interview-based measure of cognition. RESULTS: Comparison of age cohorts using polynomial regression suggested a possible accelerated deterioration in physical and cognitive functioning, averaging 1.5 to 2 standard deviations over the adult lifespan. In contrast, there appeared to be a linear improvement of about 1 standard deviation in various attributes of mental health over the same life period. CONCLUSIONS: These cross-sectional findings suggest the possibility of a linear improvement in mental health beginning in young adulthood rather than a U-shaped curve reported in some prior studies. Lifespan research combining psychosocial and biological markers may improve our understanding of resilience to mental disability in older age and lead to broad-based interventions promoting mental health in all age groups.
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“Even normal changes in cognition, however, are quite variable, within and between individuals 61 .”
From Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
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“Investigations have also revealed a paradox of aging: even as physical health declines, self‐rated successful aging and other indicators of psychosocial functioning improve in later life 61 .”
From Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Thomas, M. L., Kaufmann, C. N., Palmer, B. W., Depp, C. A., Martin, A. S., Glorioso, D. K., Thompson, W. K., & Jeste, D. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jeste, Dilip V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2016-08-24
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 08
- Pages
- e1019-e1025
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5461877
- OpenAlex
- W2516882969
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 19.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH102420, R01MH099987, R01MH094151, T32MH019934)
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- mental health, aging, lifespan development, physical health, cognitive function, successful aging, resilience, older adults, early adulthood, U-shaped curve
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult, Self Report
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