A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extract of Ginkgo biloba Added to Haloperidol in Treatment-Resistant Patients With Schizophrenia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many studies have indicated that excess free radical formation may be involved in the pathogenesis of patients with schizophrenia. Some investigators suggested that the use of free radical scavengers might provide improvement in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and to evaluate the side effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) plus haloperidol in chronic, treatment-resistant inpatients with schizophrenia. METHOD: One hundred nine patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of EGb plus haloperidol. Fifty-six of the patients were randomly assigned to receive a fixed dose of 360 mg/day of EGb plus a stable dose of haloperidol, 0.25 mg/kg/day, and 53 were assigned to receive placebo plus the same dose of haloperidol for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) at baseline, week 6, and week 12 and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) for side effects at week 12. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in both groups in BPRS total score after 12 weeks of treatment (p < .05). However, a significant reduction in total SAPS and SANS scores was noted in the EGb group (p < .05), but not in the placebo group. There was a lower SAPS total score in the EGb group than in the placebo group at the end of 12 weeks of treatment (p < .05). Of those treated with EGb plus haloperidol, 57.1% were rated as responders as compared with only 37.7% of those receiving placebo plus haloperidol when assessed by the SAPS (chi2 = 4. 111, p = .043). After 12 weeks of treatment, TESS subscore 1 (behavioral toxicity) and subscore 3 (symptoms of nerve system) were significantly decreased in the EGb group compared with the placebo group (p < .05). CONCLUSION: EGb treatment may enhance the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs and reduce their extrapyramidal side effects.
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Patients with schizophrenia on medical treatment supplemented with extracts from Ginkgo Biloba had higher response rate and significant reduction score on scale of assessment of positive symptoms.
“Patients with schizophrenia on medical treatment were supplemented with extracts from Ginko Biloba (Zhang et al. 2001). The outcome was very promising as measured by a higher response rate and significant reduction score on the scale of assessment of positive symptoms.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Zhang et al. 2001
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“Zhang and coworkers examined the efficacy of EGb-761 as add-on treatment to haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia and found that this combination led to a reduction of extrapyramidal side effects [ 103 ].”
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- Authors
- Zhang, X. Y., Zhou, D. F., Zhang, P. Y., Wu, G. Y., Su, J. M., & Cao, L. Y.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2001-11-15
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 878-883
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985898189
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- Ginkgo biloba extract, haloperidol, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, radical scavengers, antipsychotic augmentation, extrapyramidal symptoms, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, antipsychotic adverse effects
- MeSH terms
- Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Haloperidol, Humans, Male, Phytotherapy, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Free Radical Scavengers, Ginkgo biloba
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