Eszopiclone Treatment for Insomnia: Effect Size Comparisons in Patients With Primary Insomnia and Insomnia With Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidity
Open accessAbstract
Objective The purpose of this post hoc analysis was to compare the treatment effect size of eszopiclone 3 mg for insomnia in patients with a diagnosis of primary insomnia and in several of the psychiatric and medical conditions that are most commonly comorbid with insomnia. Method Data were analyzed from 5 large, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of adult outpatients of at least 1 month duration published between 2006 and 2009. Diary-derived indices of sleep and daytime functioning and the Insomnia Severity Index were compared for patients with primary insomnia (DSM-IV-TR criteria, n = 828) and for those with insomnia comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD, DSM-IV-TR criteria, n = 545), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, DSM-IV-TR criteria, n = 595), perimenopause/postmenopause (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop criteria, n = 410), and rheumatoid arthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria, n = 153). Cohen d effect sizes were calculated for each individual study as the between-treatment difference score divided by the pooled standard deviation. Results Effect sizes ranged from 0.40 to 0.69 (small-medium) as early as week 1 and were maintained at 0.26-0.63 at week 4 for sleep latency, wake time after sleep onset, and total sleep time. Sleep latency and total sleep time effect sizes increased from week 1 to week 4 in the primary insomnia group. At week 4, effect sizes on all 3 parameters and the Insomnia Severity Index tended t…
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The 10-minute difference in sleep latency between the print-book and LE-eBook conditions is similar in size to the effect of eszopiclone on sleep latency in patients with primary insomnia.
“The 10-min-shorter sleep latency after the print-book condition compared with sleep latency after the LE-eBook condition is similar to the effect size of eszopiclone treatment on sleep latency in patients with primary insomnia (37).”
From Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
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“The 10-min-shorter sleep latency after the print-book condition compared with sleep latency after the LE-eBook condition is similar to the effect size of eszopiclone treatment on sleep latency in patients with primary insomnia (37).”
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- Authors
- Krystal, A. D., McCall, W. V., Fava, M., Joffe, H., Soares, C. N., Huang, H., Grinell, T., Zummo, J., Spalding, W., & Marshall, R.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Sunovion (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krystal, Andrew D.
- Venue
- The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2012-07-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 2155-7772 (ISSN-L)
- 2155-7780
- PMC
- PMC3505126
- OpenAlex
- W2078969816
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- eszopiclone, insomnia, primary insomnia, insomnia comorbidity, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, perimenopause, postmenopause, rheumatoid arthritis, sleep latency, total sleep time, daytime functioning, Insomnia Severity Index, hypnotic efficacy, effect size
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