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Cited by 100Gallbladder and Bile Duct DisordersBiliary and Gastrointestinal FistulasKidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments

Gallstones

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Njeze, GabrielE·2013·Nigerian Journal of Surgery
DOI 10.4103/1117-6806.119236PMC PMC3899548
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Abstract

Gallstone disease is a worldwide medical problem, but the incidence rates show substantial geographical variation, with the lowest rates reported in African populations. Publications in English language on gallstones which were obtained from reprint requests and PubMed database formed the basis for this paper. Data extracted from these sources included authors, country, year of publication, age and sex of patients, pathogenesis, risk factors for development of gallstones, racial distribution, presenting symptoms, complications and treatment. Gallstones occur worldwide, however it is commonest among North American Indians and Hispanics but low in Asian and African populations. High biliary protein and lipid concentrations are risk factors for the formation of gallstones, while gallbladder sludge is thought to be the usual precursor of gallstones. Biliary calcium concentration plays a part in bilirubin precipitation and gallstone calcification. Treatment of gallstones should be reserved for those with symptomatic disease, while prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended for specific groups like children, those with sickle cell disease and those undergoing weight-loss surgical treatments. Treatment should be undertaken for a little percentage of patients with gallstones, as majority of those who harbor them never develop symptoms. The group that should undergo cholecystectomy include those with symptomatic gallstones, sickle cell disease patients with gall stones, and patients with morbid obesity who are undergoing laparotomy for other reasons.

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Authors
Njeze, G.
Venue
Nigerian Journal of Surgery
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2013
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
49
ISSN
1117-6806 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4103/1117-6806.119236
PMC
PMC3899548
OpenAlex
W4298390826
Cited by
100
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Nigerian Journal of Surgery (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Biliary and Gastrointestinal Fistulas
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments
Keywords
gallstones, gallstone disease, incidence, regional variation, risk factors, biliary proteins, gallbladder sludge, prophylactic cholecystectomy, sickle cell disease, morbid obesity, laparotomy, symptomatic gallstones

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