Effect of health care as the "home visiting" on postpartum depression: a controlled clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Postpartum depression is considered as a major health complication of women after delivery. It is necessary to find an essential approach for the prevention of its serious consequences on mothers’ and infants’ health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home visiting on postpartum depression. Methods: The first stage of study was the design of postpartum package. According to the package, a clinical trial was performed for 276 mothers who had delivered in affiliated hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University in 2013 and were divided into two groups, i.e., control group and intervention group. Intervention group received health care by home visiting, and control group had no intervention. Mothers were supposed to fill up Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale before and 60 days after delivery, and the results were compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software and t -test, Chi-square, and logistic regression test. Results: The mean ages of participants were 27.03 ± 5.2 standard deviation (SD) in intervention group and 27.37 ± 5.4 SD in control group. Occurrence of depression was 7.6% in intervention group and 19% in control group, and there was a significant difference between two groups ( P < 0.05). The logistic regression results indicate that groups (intervention and control) ( P = 0.087, odds ratio [OR] =2.1); planned and unplanned pregnancy ( P = 0.028, OR = 2.5) and the infant nutrition ( P = 0.025, OR = 2.2) are significantly associated with the postpartum depression. Conclusions: Providing postpartum home visiting can influence postpartum depression in a positive way and could improve mothers’ and infants’ health.
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For Milani 2017, the trial was registered as IRCT 2013060313565N1.
“The trial was registered as IRCT 2013060313565N1.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Methods > Intervention passage says the trial was registered, but prints the identifier as IRCT 12013060313565N1. The claimed identifier, IRCT 2013060313565N1, omits a digit; our copy does not give that identifier. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, the primary outcome was not clearly stated.
“Primary outcome was not clearly stated”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Introduction (page unavailable) states that the study’s purpose was to compare postpartum depression rates between women who did and did not receive home visits. The Methods describe measuring depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Results report those rates. Although the paper does not use the formal label “primary outcome,” the outcome being evaluated is clearly stated. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, blinding of participants and personnel was at high risk of bias.
“Not feasible.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Abstract Methods and Methods > Intervention describe home visits for the intervention group, no intervention for controls, and midwives trained to deliver the visits. That design supports the citing paper’s judgment that blinding participants and personnel was not feasible, but the source does not itself report blinding status or assess risk of bias. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, blinding of participants and personnel was not feasible.
“Not feasible.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
For Milani 2017, blinding of outcome assessment was not clearly described.
“Not clearly described.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
For Milani 2017, declarations of interest were none.
“Declarations of interest: none”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
For Milani 2017, an outcome (EPDS) was only reported.
“an outcome (EPDS) was only reported”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
For Milani 2017, blinding of outcome assessment was at unclear risk of bias.
“Not clearly described.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
For Milani 2017, it was not clear how to do the allocation concealment.
“It was not clear how to do the allocation concealment.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
For Milani 2017, allocation concealment was at unclear risk of bias.
“It was not clear how to do the allocation concealment.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Methods > Participants passage says mothers were allocated randomly to the intervention and control groups, but does not describe allocation concealment. Searches for concealment and how assignments were hidden found no passage addressing it. Our copy therefore cannot verify the citing paper’s unclear-risk judgment. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, 2 women were with loss to follow-up in both groups.
“2 women were with loss to follow-up in both groups”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Methods > Participants section reports allocation of 92 women to the intervention group and 184 to the control group, but gives no follow-up losses. A search for loss to follow-up and attrition found no passage stating that two women were lost in both groups; the text refers to a study flow chart without providing its contents. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, incomplete outcome data was at low risk of bias.
“It was not clearly stated, but carried out ITT analysis. 2 women were with loss to follow-up in both groups and 2 women was with missing data for outcome in control group.”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Methods > Participants section gives the numbers allocated to each group, and Methods > Statistical analysis lists the tests used. Neither section reports intention-to-treat analysis, the stated losses to follow-up, or missing outcome data; the Results section does not resolve those points. Our copy therefore does not establish the stated low risk of bias for incomplete outcome data. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, 2 women were with missing data for outcome in control group.
“2 women was with missing data for outcome in control group”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Methods > Participants passage reports that 184 women were allocated to the control group, and the Results report the control-group depression rate at 60 days. Neither states how many control-group outcome records were missing. Searches for missing outcome data, loss to follow-up, and follow-up counts did not establish the claimed number of two. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor Milani 2017, ITT analysis was carried out.
“carried out ITT analysis”
From Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period (2021) · cites this paper as Milani 2017
The Methods > Statistical analysis section lists statistical tests but does not say whether the analyses followed an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. The Methods > Participants section describes allocation, but not which allocated participants were included in the analyses. Searches for ITT, intention-to-treat, and follow-up did not establish the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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- Authors
- Milani, H. S., Amiri, P., Mohsey, M., Monfared, E. D., Vaziri, S. M., Malekkhahi, A., & Salmani, F.
- Affiliations
- Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rasoul-e Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Amiri, Parastoo
- Venue
- International Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-20
- ISSN
- 2008-7802 (ISSN-L)
- 2008-8213
- PMC
- PMC5404350
- OpenAlex
- W2604131994
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2017-01-01)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- International Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, home visiting, postpartum care, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, risk factors for postpartum depression, infant nutrition, maternal health, infant health
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