The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anthropometric assessment of the normal adult human ear.
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Knowledge of anthropometric measurements of the external ear is important as variations exist based on gender, age and ethnicity. This study has derived anthropometric data pertaining to the external ear in the Maharashtrian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine variables of the external ear were measured in 505 Maharashtrian adults (aged 18-64 years) using photoanthropometric methods. RESULTS: Descriptive data and the left-right symmetry for the study population were obtained. CONCLUSION: These data have applications in screening for or monitoring diseases, otoplastic surgery, forensics, industrial design, apparel design and ergonomics.
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In the citing paper
“Ninety percent of auricular growth occurs by age 11–12 years, with prominence greater than 21.5 mm in boys and greater than 17.5 mm in girls.62–66”
From Otoplasty Surgical Techniques and Clinical Outcomes: A Practical Review (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
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Citations
Cites
Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human ear
Sforza, C., Grandi, G., Binelli, M., Tommasi, D. G., Rosati, R., & Ferrario, V. F. (2009) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.019 · Cited by 199 · cited 4×
“The study conducted by Sforza et al.[9] compiled the sex‑ and age‑related linear and angular dimensions of healthy Italian Caucasians ears.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA Morphometric Study of the External Ear: Age- and Sex-Related Differences
Brucker, M. J., Patel, J. C., & Sullivan, P. K. (2003) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000070979.20679.1f · Cited by 146
Morphometry of the External Ear in Our Adult Population
Bozkir, M. G., Karakaş, P., Yavuz, M., & Dere, F. (2006) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-005-6095-1 · Cited by 142 · cited 2×
“Irrespective of the ethnicity of the study population, the findings of Purkait and Singh,[3] Sharma et al.,[5] Ito et al.,[10] Azaria et al.,[11] Brucker et al.,[12] Meijerman et al.,[15] and Bozkir et al.[16] suggest that males have longer and wider ears as compared to females.”
BackgroundIto, I., Imada, M., Ikeda, M., Sueno, K., Arikuni, T., & Kida, A. (2001) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1097/00005537-200105000-00023 · Cited by 124 · cited 1×
“With increasing age, gradual changes in the microscopic structure of ear cartilage have also been reported, with decrease in the elastic fibers and in the density of cartilage cells.[10] Purkait and Singh[3] in their study even mentioned about the age‐related decrease in skin elasticity and resilience.”
BackgroundAnthropometric growth study of normal human auricle
Kalcioglu, M. T., Miman, M. C., Toplu, Y., Yakıncı, C., & Özturan, O. (2003) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5876(03)00221-0 · Cited by 108
Anthropometry of the Normal Human Auricle: A Study of Adult Indian Men
Purkait, R., & Singh, P. (2006) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-006-0231-4 · Cited by 102 · cited 11×
“Recent anthropometric studies of the external ear from different parts of the world prove that much variability exists depending on the age, sex and ethnic group, and even in the same person between the right and left ears.[3] In spite of this, the available literature suggests that males have larger ears than females…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMorphometry of the Adult Human Earlobe: A Study of 547 Subjects and Clinical Application
Azaria, R., Adler, N., Silfen, R., Regev, D., & Hauben, D. J. (2003) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000060995.99380.de · Cited by 99 · cited 1×
“[3,5,10‐16] In spite of the ethnical variations in the actual ear dimensions and position,[3,5,11,15] all these studies found that the human external ear continues to grow even after skeletal maturity is reached.”
BackgroundCross‐Sectional Anthropometric Study of the External Ear
Meijerman, L., van der Lugt, C., & Maat, G. (2007) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00376.x · Cited by 87 · cited 1×
“[3,5,10‐16] In spite of the ethnical variations in the actual ear dimensions and position,[3,5,11,15] all these studies found that the human external ear continues to grow even after skeletal maturity is reached.”
BackgroundAnthropometric Measurements of the External Ear in a Group of Turkish Primary School Students
Barut, Ç., & Aktunc, E. (2006) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-005-0182-1 · Cited by 82
Incorporating anthropometry into design of ear-related products.
Liu, B.-S. (2008) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2006.12.005 · Cited by 74 · cited 2×
“Similar to the technique of Liu,[8] a 1 mm × 1 mm grid was printed on a clear A4‐sized sticker sheet and pasted over an 8 cm × 8 cm × 3 mm clear glass piece and the excess sheet was trimmed off.”
Method
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kapil, 2014, Morphological variation of ear for individual identification in forensic cases: A study of an Indian population, Res J Forensic Sci, 1
Cited by
A systematic review on ear anthropometry and its industrial design applications
Fu, F., & Luximon, Y. (2020) · Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries · doi:10.1002/hfm.20832 · Cited by 26
Anthropometric Study of Human Ear: A Baseline Data for Ear Reconstruction
Prasetyo, A. T., & Putri, I. L. (2021) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000008199 · Cited by 25
“Therefore, even within the Indian subcontinent, there are wide variations in the size of the auricle.(33) On our study, the mean values EW male subjects were found to be, respectively, 26.”
Background3D human ear modelling with parameterization technique and variation analysis
Fu, F., Luximon, A., & Luximon, Y. (2023) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2023.2236820 · Cited by 13
Díez-Montiel, A., Pose‐Díez‐de‐la‐Lastra, A., Álvarez, A. G., Escobar, J. I. S., Pascau, J., & Ochandiano, S. (2024) · 3D Printing in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s41205-024-00213-2 · Cited by 15
Anthropometric assessment of human auricle in North Indian population
Singh, A., Gupta, P., & Singh, P. (2022) · National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.4103/njms.njms_347_21 · Cited by 13
“The appearance of an individual or facial esthesis is determined by the size, shape, position, symmetry, and projection of the auricle of the external ear.[1] Many congenital and acquired defects occur in the auricle.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Engineer, P., Japatti, S., Reddy B, M., Tiwari, A., Siddegowda, C., & Hammannavar, R.
- Affiliations
- Government Dental College & Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Engineer, PriyankaJ
- Venue
- Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42
- ISSN
- 2231-0746 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6018292
- OpenAlex
- W2808527092
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Keywords
- anthropometry, external ear, left-right symmetry, sex differences, age differences, ethnicity, otoplasty, forensic anthropology, human factors
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- Engineer, P., Japatti, S., Reddy B, M., Tiwari, A., Siddegowda, C., & Hammannavar, R. (2018). Anthropometric assessment of the normal adult human ear. Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery. https://doi.org/10.4103/ams.ams_183_17
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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