The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Dangerous Fieldwork
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Being questioned by the police or even arrested may be no bad thing given that researchers are often suspected of working for the police (Bourgois, 2003; Lee, 1995).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995
In the citing paper
“During the cold war, anthropologists conducting research in Central America were a source of information for the Central Intelligence Agency (Lee, 1995: 36-37).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995: 36-37
In the citing paper
“Some were approached directly, but others were unwittingly involved (Lee, 1995: 36-37).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995: 36-37
In the citing paper
“Those with experience of researching sensitive topics agree that some findings may not be publishable (Sluka, 1995: 286) at least not in the short term (Adler, 1993; Lee, 1995).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995
In the citing paper
“Mobile phones can be a useful resource for fieldworker safety (Lee, 1995: 63) but, in terms of information security, they present a range of issues.”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995: 63
In the citing paper
“Researchers of crime report being accused of being a spy, or police (Lee, 1995; Sluka, 1995), and it may be useful to demonstrate one's academic credentials.”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995
In the citing paper
“For legally sensitive research, interview recordings are best transcribed and destroyed as quickly as possible. As we describe above, this allows sensitive materials to be redacted to 'disutilise' the data (Lee, 1995: 37).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995: 37
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, the risks of research on crime and illegal activities are often exaggerated (Lee, 1995; Polsky, 1967).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995
In the citing paper
“As Lee (1995) says, 'dangers are never totally manageable and, as with anyone else, researchers can be unlucky' (p. 9).”
From Information security for criminological ethnographers (2024) · cites this paper as Lee, 1995
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Comparing Telephone and Face-to-Face Qualitative Interviewing: a Research Note
Sturges, J. E., & Hanrahan, K. J. (2004) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794104041110 · Cited by 1,577
Conceptualization: On Theory and Theorizing Using Grounded Theory
Glaser, B. G. (2002) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940690200100203 · Cited by 932
Doing sensitive research: what challenges do qualitative researchers face?
Dickson‐Swift, V., James, E. L., Kippen, S., & Liamputtong, P. (2007) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794107078515 · Cited by 905
Premises, Principles, and Practices in Qualitative Research: Revisiting the Foundations
Charmaz, K. C. (2004) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732304266795 · Cited by 508
Blurring Boundaries in Qualitative Health Research on Sensitive Topics
Dickson‐Swift, V., James, E. L., Kippen, S., & Liamputtong, P. (2006) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732306287526 · Cited by 405
Negotiating Dangerous Fields: Pragmatic Strategies for Fieldwork amid Violence and Terror
Kovats‐Bernat, J. C. (2002) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.208 · Cited by 279
Navigating the waves: the usefulness of a pilot in qualitative research
Sampson, H. (2004) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794104047236 · Cited by 245
Telling the Whole Story: The Case for Organizational Autoethnography
Boyle, M. V., & Parry, K. (2007) · Culture and Organization · doi:10.1080/14759550701486480 · Cited by 207
Wray, N., Marković, M., & Manderson, L. H. (2007) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732307308308 · Cited by 195
The Art and Politics of Covert Research
Calvey, D. (2008) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038508094569 · Cited by 177
Criminological verstehen : Inside the immediacy of crime
Ferrell, J. (1997) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418829700093201 · Cited by 157
Coles, J., Astbury, J., Dartnall, E., & Limjerwala, S. (2014) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801213520578 · Cited by 152
Becoming a “Trusted Outsider”: Gender, Ethnicity, and Inequality in Ethnographic Research
Bucerius, S. M. (2013) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/0891241613497747 · Cited by 170
Sexing Up the Subject: Methodological Nuances in Researching the Female Sex Industry
Sanders, T. (2006) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/1363460706068044 · Cited by 132
White-Knuckle Research: Emotional Dynamics in Fieldwork with Racist Activists
Blee, K. M. (1998) · Qualitative Sociology · doi:10.1023/a:1023328309725 · Cited by 118
`Dangerous fieldwork' re-examined: the question of researcher subject position
Nilan, P. (2002) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/146879410200200305 · Cited by 106
Sampson, H., & Thomas, M. (2003) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/14687941030032002 · Cited by 98
Baaz, M. E., & Utas, M. (2019) · Civil Wars · doi:10.1080/13698249.2019.1656357 · Cited by 97
Any port in a storm: fieldwork difficulties in dangerous and crisis-ridden settings
Belousov, K. Y., Horlick‐Jones, T., Bloor, M., Gilinskiy, Y., Golbert, V., Kostikovsky, Y., Levi, M., & Pentsov, D. A. (2007) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794107076019 · Cited by 96
Joining the Gang and Becoming aBroder: The Violence of Ethnography in Contemporary Nicaragua
Rodgers, D. (2007) · Bulletin of Latin American Research · doi:10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00234.x · Cited by 93
Ferdinand, J., Pearson, G., Rowe, M., & Worthington, F. (2007) · Ethnography · doi:10.1177/1466138107083566 · Cited by 93
Platzer, H., & James, T. (1997) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-1-1997025626.x · Cited by 89
Researching paramilitary violence in Northern Ireland
Feenan, D. K. (2002) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645570110045972 · Cited by 87
Researching Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Christians and Muslims: Some Thematic Reflections
Yip, A. K.-T. (2008) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.5153/sro.1660 · Cited by 84
Unprepared for the Worst: Risks of Harm for Qualitative Researchers
Bloor, M., Fincham, B., & Sampson, H. (2010) · Methodological Innovations Online · doi:10.4256/mio.2010.0009 · Cited by 84
Topalli, V., Brezina, T., & Bernhardt, M. (2012) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480612463114 · Cited by 84
Dancing with danger: ethnographic safety, male bravado and gang research in Colombia
Baird, A. (2017) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794117722194 · Cited by 80
Developing a Safety Protocol in Qualitative Research Involving Battered Women
Langford, D. R. (2000) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973200129118192 · Cited by 72
Illegal Logging in Common Property Forests
Honey‐Rosés, J. (2009) · Society & Natural Resources · doi:10.1080/08941920903131120 · Cited by 67
Researching local elites: reflexivity, ‘situatedness’ and political-temporal contingency
WARD, K. G., & Jones, M. (1999) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/s0016-7185(99)00022-6 · Cited by 64
Jacques, S. (2014) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480613519467 · Cited by 65
Sabuni, L. P. (2007) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732307307864 · Cited by 58
Assistants, Guides, Collaborators, Friends: The Concealed Figures of Conflict Research
Jenkins, S. (2015) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/0891241615619993 · Cited by 58
Chakravarty, A. (2012) · Field Methods · doi:10.1177/1525822x12443664 · Cited by 54
Bashir, N. (2017) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794117731808 · Cited by 53
Methodological Research on “Sensitive” Topics
Lee, Y., & Lee, R. M. (2012) · Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique · doi:10.1177/0759106312437139 · Cited by 51
Self-citationElston, M. A., Gabe, J., Denney, D., Lee, R., & O’Beirne, M. (2002) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00309 · Cited by 51
Self-citationAutoethnography as a Legitimate Approach to HRD Research
Grenier, R. S. (2015) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484315595507 · Cited by 50
The Naïve Researcher: Doing Social Research in Africa
Gokah, T. K. (2006) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645570500436163 · Cited by 50
In the Club: Ecstasy Use and Supply in a London Nightclub
Sanders, B. (2005) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038505050537 · Cited by 50
Everyday risks and professional dilemmas: fieldwork with alcohol-based (sporting) subcultures
Palmer, C., & Thompson, K. R. (2010) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794110366800 · Cited by 48
Learning from Criminals: Active Offender Research for Criminology
Topalli, V., Dickinson, T., & Jacques, S. (2019) · Annual Review of Criminology · doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092005 · Cited by 47
Vulnerable Research: Competencies for Trauma and Justice-Informed Ethnography
Winfield, T. P. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/08912416211017254 · Cited by 45
Research Governance: Ethical Issues
Slowther, A., Boynton, P., & Shaw, S. E. (2006) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107680609900218 · Cited by 44
Besonders sensibel. Wie sich heikle Themen angehen lassen
Bruns, B., & Henn, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55198-1_14 · Cited by 43
Objets tabous, sujets sensibles, lieux dangereux
Ayimpam, S., & Bouju, J. (2015) · Civilisations · doi:10.4000/civilisations.3803 · Cited by 43
The Emotionality of Participation
Diphoorn, T. (2012) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/0891241612452140 · Cited by 42
Drug use and drug markets in the context of political conflict: The case of Northern Ireland
McElrath, K. (2004) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066350412331323056 · Cited by 39
Kinitz, D. J. (2022) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323221112620 · Cited by 38
Sluka, J. A. (2018) · Contemporary Social Science · doi:10.1080/21582041.2018.1498534 · Cited by 38
Establishing research legitimacy in the contested political ground of contemporary Northern Ireland
Knox, C. (2001) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/146879410100100206 · Cited by 37
Who else Needs Protection? Reflecting on Researcher Vulnerability in Sensitive Research
Šikić-Mićanović, L., Stelko, S., & Sakić, S. (2019) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc10010003 · Cited by 37
Ardrey, W., Pecotich, A., & Shultz, C. J. (2006) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253860600921811 · Cited by 34
Seeing differently: Ethnography and explanatory power
Skeggs, B. (1999) · The Australian Educational Researcher · doi:10.1007/bf03219687 · Cited by 33
Characteristics, context and risk: NGO insecurity in confict zones
Fast, L. A. (2007) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.01001.x · Cited by 32
“We Are Alone in the House”: A Case Study Addressing Researcher Safety and Risk
Parker, N., & O’Reilly, M. J. (2013) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2011.647261 · Cited by 31
Interviewing Illicit Drug Users: Observations from the Field
Wright, S., Klee, H., & Reid, P. (1998) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359809004369 · Cited by 31
Sharing Data and Results in Ethnographic Research: Why This Should Not Be an Ethical Imperative
Cooper, M. (2007) · Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics · doi:10.1525/jer.2007.2.1.3 · Cited by 30
How Close Is Too Close? Balancing Closeness And Detachment In Qualitative Research
Maier, S. L., & Monahan, B. A. (2009) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620802296360 · Cited by 30
Keeping Academic Field Researchers Safe: Ethical Safeguards
Bahn, S. (2012) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-012-9159-2 · Cited by 27
Dangerous Intimacy: Toward a Theory of Violent Victimization in Active Offender Research
Jacques, S., & Wright, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2010.516567 · Cited by 27
Covert Ethnography in Criminology: A Submerged yet Creative Tradition
Calvey, D. (2013) · Current Issues in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/10345329.2013.12035980 · Cited by 27
Jones, G. A., & Rodgers, D. (2019) · Ethnography · doi:10.1177/1466138119839088 · Cited by 24
Fuchs, D., Tse, F. Y., & Feng, X. (2018) · Economic and Industrial Democracy · doi:10.1177/0143831x18780337 · Cited by 21
Ryan, P. (2006) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794106062707 · Cited by 21
Stepping Through the Looking Glass
Stringer, C. A., & Simmons, G. E., Jr. (2014) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492614561228 · Cited by 21
‘Google wants to know your location’: The ethical challenges of fieldwork in the digital age
van Baalen, S. (2018) · Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/1747016117750312 · Cited by 21
Lee, R. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_85 · Cited by 21
Self-citationBrewer, J. D. (2016) · Methodological Innovations · doi:10.1177/2059799116630657 · Cited by 19
Proem: Engaging Contemporary Ethnography Across the Disciplines
Rinehart, R. E., Barbour, K. N., & Pope, C. C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6916-8_1 · Cited by 18
Secrecy, coercion and deception in research on ‘terrorism’ and ‘extremism’
Massoumi, N., Mills, T., & Miller, D. (2019) · Contemporary Social Science · doi:10.1080/21582041.2019.1616107 · Cited by 18
La valeur heuristique de l'empathie dans l'étude des engagements « répugnants »
Nikolski, V. (2011) · Genèses · doi:10.3917/gen.084.0113 · Cited by 18
Victimization, survival and the impunity of forced exile: A case study from the Rwandan genocide
Afflitto, F. M. (2000) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1023/a:1008367712285 · Cited by 17
Turgo, N. N., & Sampson, H. (2021) · Methodological Innovations · doi:10.1177/20597991211035526 · Cited by 16
Barrett-Fox, R. (2011) · Journal of Hate Studies · doi:10.33972/jhs.75 · Cited by 16
Risk for Researchers Studying Social Deviance or Criminal Behavior
Brougham, P. L., & Uttley, C. M. (2017) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci6040130 · Cited by 15
Marzo, P., & Gomez-Perez, M. (2020) · Recherches qualitatives · doi:10.7202/1070013ar · Cited by 14
Interrogating the concept of vulnerability in social research ethics
Traianou, A., & Hammersley, M. (2024) · Diametros · doi:10.33392/diam.1891 · Cited by 14
Working the Border: Constructing Sovereignty in the Context of Liberalization
Chalfin, B. (2001) · PoLAR Political and Legal Anthropology Review · doi:10.1525/pol.2001.24.1.129 · Cited by 15
Criminology's Disney World: The Ethnographer's Ride of South African Criminal Justice
Shearing, C. D., & Marks, M. M. (2011) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571826.003.0009 · Cited by 14
‘Fluid fields’ and the dynamics of risk in social research
Sampson, H. (2017) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794117746085 · Cited by 14
de Garis, L. (2010) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2010.491264 · Cited by 13
Emotion and Sensitive Research
Dickson‐Swift, V. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_141-1 · Cited by 13
de Rond, M., & Tunçalp, D. (2017) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428116689706 · Cited by 12
von Maravić, P. (2012) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11077-012-9147-9 · Cited by 17
Applying Ethical Principles in Researching a Vulnerable Population: Homeless Women in Brisbane
Menih, H. (2013) · Current Issues in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/10345329.2013.12035979 · Cited by 12
‘Whatever you Say Say Nothing’: An Ethnographic Encounter in Northern Ireland and its Sequel
Finlay, A. (1999) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.5153/sro.296 · Cited by 14
Chantraine, G., & Scheer, D. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/08912416211019454 · Cited by 11
Can Men Do Feminist Fieldwork and Research?
Giri, K. (2022) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1093/isr/viac004 · Cited by 11
The Tajikistani-Afghan Border in Gorno-Badakhshan: Resources of a War-Torn Neighborhood
Sadozaï, M. (2021) · Journal of Borderlands Studies · doi:10.1080/08865655.2021.1948898 · Cited by 11
Teaching (Something About) Terrorism: Ethical and Methodological Problems, Pedagogical Suggestions
Dexter, H., & Guittet, E.-P. (2012) · International Studies Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00507.x · Cited by 10
Coming to Terms with Perceived Danger
Eaves, Y. D., & Kahn, D. L. (2000) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/089801010001800105 · Cited by 10
Matthews, Z., & Velleman, R. D. B. (1997) · Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique · doi:10.1177/075910639705700104 · Cited by 10
Interviewing Offenders: The Active vs. Inmate DebatePreprint
Copes, H., Jacques, S., Hochstetler, A. L., & Dickinson, T. (2015) · doi:10.21428/7b6d533a.c1512c60 · Cited by 10
Marks, M. M. (2003) · Society in Transition · doi:10.1080/21528586.2003.10419083 · Cited by 9
Delicate Empiricism: An Action Learning Approach to Elite Interviewing
KAKABADSE, N. K., & Louchart, E. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230362406_17 · Cited by 9
Safety in nursing social research
Hughes, R. (2004) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.05.002 · Cited by 9
Researching deaths after police contact: challenges and solutions
Baker, D. (2016) · Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1108/jcrpp-08-2015-0036 · Cited by 9
Ursin, M. (2020) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568220908309 · Cited by 8
Jørgensen, K. E., & Esholdt, H. F. (2021) · doi:10.21428/88de04a1.91da5a02 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, R.
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Raymond
- ORCID
- Lee, Raymond
- Venue
- Sage eBooks
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Published
- 1995
- OpenAlex
- W4240871577
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sage eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Keywords
- fieldwork safety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
