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The results were measured through a mixed concurrent or triangulated study.
“The results were measured through a mixed concurrent or triangulated study [19–21].”
From The virtual patient as a learning tool: a mixed quantitative qualitative study (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
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Toward a definition of mixed methods research
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Editorial: The New Era of Mixed Methods
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/2345678906293042 · Cited by 1,204 · see citing works
Murthy, D. (2008) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038508094565 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
How to Conduct a Mixed Methods Study: Recent Trends in a Rapidly Growing Literature
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Sil, R., & Katzenstein, P. J. (2010) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592710001179 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Editorial: Exploring the Nature of Research Questions in Mixed Methods Research
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689807302814 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
“…that research questions are shaped by the purpose of a study and in turn form the methods and the design of the investigation (for examples, see Brewer & Hunter, 2005; Bryman, 2007; Collins, Onwuegbuzie, & Jiao, this issue; Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007; Krathwohl, 2004; Newman & Benz, 1998;…”
MethodMixed Research as a Tool for Developing Quantitative Instruments
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bustamante, R. M., & Nelson, J. A. (2009) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689809355805 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Mixed methods research: what it is and what it could be
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Revisiting the difference between mixed methods and multimethods: Is it all in the name?
Anguera, M. T., Blanco-Villaseñor, Á., Losada, J. L., Sánchez-Algarra, P., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2018) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-018-0700-2 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Expanding the History and Range of Mixed Methods Research
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Mixed-methods research in language teaching and learning: Opportunities, issues and challenges
Riazi, A. M., & Candlin, C. N. (2014) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444813000505 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Editorial: Developing Publishable Mixed Methods Manuscripts
Creswell, J. W., & Tashakkori, A. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689806298644 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Metodolog�a de la Investigaci�n Social Cuantitativa (2015)
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Gerring, J. (2017) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-092415-024158 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Editorial: Integrating Data Analyses in Mixed Methods Research
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The time has come: a systematic literature review of mixed methods research in tourism
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Integrative Analysis Strategies for Mixed Data Sources
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Bazeley, P., & Kemp, L. (2011) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689811419514 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Extending the Qualitative Capabilities of GIS: Computer-Aided Qualitative GIS
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The virtual patient as a learning tool: a mixed quantitative qualitative study
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Mena, J., & Russell, T. (2017) · Studying Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/17425964.2017.1287694 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Jang, E. E., McDougall, D. E., Pollon, D. E., Herbert, M., & Russell, P. (2008) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689808315323 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Understanding divergence of quantitative and qualitative data (or results) in mixed methods studies
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A Comparison of Pragmatic Language in Boys With Autism and Fragile X Syndrome
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Open data, democracy and public sector reform. A look at open government data use from data.gov.uk
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An Integrative Review and Synthesis of XBRL Research in Academic Journals
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Reybold, L. E., Lammert, J., & Stribling, S. M. (2012) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794112465634 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Role of Auditor Narcissism in Auditor‐Client Negotiations: Evidence from China
Church, B. K., Dai, N. T., Kuang, X., & Liu, X. (2019) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12565 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ahmed, A., & Sil, R. (2012) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592712002836 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Collins, T. W., & Bolin, B. (2009) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9333-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Editorial: Mixed Methodology Across Disciplines
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689807309913 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Pool, R., Montgomery, C. M., Morar, N. S., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011600 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Humanistic and Positive Psychology: The Methodological and Epistemological Divide
Friedman, H. (2008) · The Humanistic Psychologist · doi:10.1080/08873260802111036 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
A Cardiac Rehabilitation Program to Improve Psychosocial Outcomes of Women with Heart Disease
Davidson, P. M., DiGiacomo, M. L., Zecchin, R. P., Clarke, M., Paul, G., Lamb, K., Hancock, K. M., Chang, E. M. L., Daly, J., & THE HEART AWARENESS FOR WOMEN PROGRAM INVESTIGATORS (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0386 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Wolf, F. (2010) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689810364987 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Some reserve it for measuring procedures only (e.g., Brewer & Hunter, 2006, p. 4),6 or for the evaluation of independent studies of the same topic.”
BackgroundFood supply depends on seagrass meadows in the coral triangle
Unsworth, R. K. F., Hinder, S. L., Bodger, O. G., et al. (2014) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Adaptation and Fidelity: a Recipe Analogy for Achieving Both in Population Scale Implementation
Kemp, L. (2016) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-016-0642-7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mixed Methods: Combining Expert Interviews, Cross-Impact Analysis and Scenario DevelopmentPreprint
Muskat, M., Blackman, D. A., & Muskat, B. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2202179 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“In particular, much of the work advocates a range of different data sets in order to develop a more holistic picture (cp. Hammersley, 2008; see also Johnson et al., 2007:113-115; Tashakkori and Teddlie, 1998/2008:21; Jick, 1979; Brewer and Hunter, 2006:4).”
BackgroundHardy, B., & Ford, L. R. (2014) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428113520185 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hodgkin, S. (2008) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689808321641 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Islam, A., & Tedford, D. (2012) · Journal of industrial engineering international · doi:10.1186/2251-712x-8-12 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Place-Based Rural Development and Resilience: A Lesson from a Small Community
Salvia, R., & Quaranta, G. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9060889 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Review and Comparison of Multi-Method and Mixed Method Application in Research Studies
Vivek, R., & Nanthagopan, Y. (2021) · European Journal of Management Issues · doi:10.15421/192119 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“But when comparing to the triangulation design, the researcher can get two sets of results separately for different questions where triangulation collects two different methods for the same question (Brewer & Hunter, 2006).”
MethodAdvancing Research in Organizational Communication Through Quantitative Methodology
Miller, V. D., Poole, M. S., Seibold, D. R., Myers, K. K., Park, H. S., Monge, P. R., Fulk, J. L., Frank, L. B., Margolin, D., Schultz, C. M., et al. (2011) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318910390193 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Developing a Syllabus for a Mixed‐Methods Research Course
Earley, M. A. (2007) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645570701334118 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Assessment of academic motivation: A mixed methods study
Alivernini, F., Lucidi, F., & Manganelli, S. (2008) · International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches · doi:10.5172/mra.455.2.1.71 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Getting to Grips with Bricolage: A Personal Account
Wibberley, C. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1760 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Revisiting the appropriation of space in metropolitan river corridors
Benages-Albert, M., Masso, A. D., Porcel, S., Pol, E., & Vall-Casas, P. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.01.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Fazio, C., Battaglia, O. R., & Paola, B. D. (2013) · Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevstper.9.020101 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bazeley, P. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444316490.ch6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Towards defining and advancing ‘Made in Africa Evaluation’
Omosa, O., Archibald, T., Niewolny, K. L., et al. (2021) · African Evaluation Journal · doi:10.4102/aej.v9i1.564 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sport tourism collaboration: a systematic quantitative literature review
Mollah, M. R. A., Cuskelly, G., & Hill, B. (2021) · Journal of Sport & Tourism · doi:10.1080/14775085.2021.1877563 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hybrid analysis of textual data
Raich, M., Müller, J., & Abfalter, D. (2014) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-03-2012-0247 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Governing shipping externalities: Baltic ports in the process of SOx emission reduction
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Researching L2 Motivation: Past, Present and Future
Ushioda, E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_32 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity
Estep, K., & Greenberg, P. (2020) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122420960691 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Our strategy aligns with Small’s (2011) “complementarity” category of mixed-methods research, in which the strengths of one type of data compensate for the weaknesses of the other (Brewer and Hunter 2006; Scrimshaw 1990).”
MethodPromoting Sustainability Together with Parents in Early Childhood Education
Sihvonen, P., Lappalainen, R., Herranen, J. K., et al. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14050541 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Hitchcock, J. H. (2019) · International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches · doi:10.29034/ijmra.v11n3editorial2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bértoa, F. (2017) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124115588998 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
McCrady, F. E., Kaufman, K. L., Vasey, M. W., Barriga, A. Q., Devlin, R. S., & Gibbs, J. C. (2008) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063208320249 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Exploring Trends and Challenges in Sociological Research
McKie, L. J., & Ryan, L. (2012) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038512452356 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ho, P. S. K., Chen, K., Shao, A., Bao, L., Ai, A., Tarfa, A., Brossard, D., Brown, L. D., & Bräuer, M. (2021) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/15586898211020862 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Considering Abductive Thematic Network Analysis with ATLAS-ti 6.2
Rambaree, K., & Faxelid, E. (2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-3918-8.ch010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gender Differentials in Entrepreneurship: Insights from a Multi-method Study
Yadav, V., Unni, J., Naik, R., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/09713557211069283 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Many researchers have emphasised the benefits of designing multimethod studies that act as a simple yet powerful research strategy (Brewer & Hunter, 2006; Yadav et al., 2016) because they combine the strengths of more than one research method in a study.”
BackgroundGrounding information security in healthcare
Ferreira, A., Antunes, L. F., Chadwick, D. W., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.01.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Taegtmeyer, M., Martineau, T., Namwebya, J. H., et al. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-812 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Qualitative research methodologies were employed, appropriate to exploring policymakers’ perceptions and attitudes of human resources for VCT scale up [21,22].”
Methoddos Reis, J. C. G., Santo, P. E., & Melão, N. F. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12176708 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Michalec, B., & Hafferty, F. W. (2022) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/s41285-022-00175-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…approaches can overcome individual method’s limitations and produce a more comprehensive picture of the investigated social phenomena by combining information from complementary data sources and, in turn, enhance the strength and rigor of the study (Brewer and Hunter 2006; Seawright 2016).”
BackgroundHintz, F. A., Geiser, C., & Shiffman, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12400 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The relationship between mental health workers and family members
van de Bovenkamp, H., & Trappenburg, M. J. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.09.022 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“On the other hand one can use the multi-method approach to check whether data collected by one method (say by interviews) can also be witnessed if one uses another method (say observation) [28].”
Implementing Social Sustainability for Innovative Industrial Work Environments
Sundström, A., Ahmadi, Z., & Mickelsson, K. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11123402 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The role of the strategic and adaptive Chief Information Officer in higher education
Dlamini, R. S. (2013) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-013-9269-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Struggles over waste: Preparing for re-use in the Danish waste sector
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“By applying mixed methods (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011), we were able to combine a variety of interviews and non-intrusive methods (Brewer and Hunter, 2006) as well as compile a dedicated data archive (Larsen, 2014).”
MethodBharathi, S. V., & Pande, M. B. (2024) · Journal of Computers in Education · doi:10.1007/s40692-024-00321-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The design of the survey questionnaire followed a logical procedure to ensure its efficacy and dependability in data collection (Brewer & Hunter, 2006).”
Beyond multiple methods: Critical multiplism on all levels
Patry, J.-L. (2013) · International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches · doi:10.5172/mra.2013.7.1.50 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Teaching Differential Diagnosis to Nurse Practitioner Students in a Distance Program
Colella, C. L., & Beery, T. A. (2014) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20140724-02 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The meaning profiles of anxiety and depression: similarities and differences in two age groups
Kreitler, S. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1311248 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Page, S. J., Connell, J., Price, S., Owen, S., Ledingham, K., & Clare, L. (2023) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875231217735 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…approach, common where two or more research strands are undertaken and then brought together (Lewis-Beck et al., 2004; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003; Brewer & Hunter, 2006; Johnson and Turner, 2003), as existing studies of becoming a DF business have highlighted a range of complexities in pursuing…”
Kjerholt, M., Wagner, L., Delmar, C., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Older People Nursing · doi:10.1111/opn.12031 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jones, K. (2015) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689815614960 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cultivating a culture of research in nursing through a journal club for leaders: A pilot study
Kjerholt, M., & Hølge‐Hazelton, B. (2017) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12518 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The necessary distinction between methodology and philosophical assumptions in healthcare research
Mesel, T. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.01070.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Quantitative versus Qualitative is a Distraction: Variations on a Theme by Brewer and Hunter (2006)
Vogt, W. P. (2008) · Methodological Innovations Online · doi:10.4256/mio.2008.0007 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Exploring the Challenges and Potentials of Working Design-Based in Educational Research
Gundersen, P. B. (2021) · doi:10.54337/aau432703538 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sakawa in Ghana: The Influence of Weak Ties on Economic Cybercrime Offender Networks
Yushawu, A., & Jaishankar, K. (2025) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2025.2459681 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Interview questions were designed to suit the unique backgrounds and experiences of each group, as recommended by Brewer and Hunter (2006) and Creswell (2017).”
On the Combinatory Nature of Knowledge Transfer Conditions: A Mixed Method Assessment
Bacon, E., Williams, M. D., & Davies, G. H. (2021) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-021-10127-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Runhardt, R. W. (2021) · Philosophy of the Social Sciences · doi:10.1177/00483931211008545 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Knappertsbusch, F. (2019) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689819893573 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…complementarity, paradigm, heuristics According to a common notion in mixed methods research (MMR) methodology, the design and implementation of empirical methods is shaped by researchers’ ‘‘mental models’’ (Greene, 2007, p. 67) or ‘‘methodological styles’’ (Brewer & Hunter, 2006, p. 13).”
MethodGrass, K. (2024) · American Journal of Qualitative Research · doi:10.29333/ajqr/14083 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Social media and social reality
Reynolds, W. N., Weber, M. S., Farber, R. M., et al. (2010) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) · doi:10.1109/isi.2010.5484733 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
de Menezes, F. S., & Xavier, A. A. D. P. (2018) · Review of Business Management · doi:10.7819/rbgn.v20i2.3764 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The authors indicate that the validation process involves three important steps, as further explained below (Brewer & Hunter, 2006).”
BackgroundDavis, P., & Baulch, B. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1719675 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Books on Mixed Methods Research: A Window on the Growth in Number and Diversity
Molina-Azorín, J. F., & Fetters, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/15586898211068208 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Brewer and Hunter (1989) discussed multimethod research in the late 1980s and published an update 17 years later (Brewer & Hunter, 2006).”
BackgroundAn Exploratory Study of Fact-Checking Practices in Conflict and Authoritarian Contexts
Badji, S. D., Orgeret, K. S., & Mutsvairo, B. (2024) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.8698 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Organizational diversity: making the case for contextual interpretivism
Greeff, W. J. (2015) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-02-2014-0010 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Determining the potential of informal savings groups as a model for formal commitment saving devices
Landman, M., & Mthombeni, M. (2021) · South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences · doi:10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3940 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ackermann, E., Kievit, B., Xavier, J. C., Barbic, S. P., Ferguson, M., Greer, A., Loyal, J. P., Mamdani, Z., Palis, H., Pauly, B., et al. (2022) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-022-00472-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“We aimed to address the limitations of a singular methodology by employing more than one method to answer our research question [43, 44].”
MethodPierson, C. M. (2023) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/09610006221142311 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The research project was designed to use a mul-timethod approach (e.g. Brewer and Hunter, 2006) to develop findings first through qualitatively, inductively derived constructs which would be refined through quantitative analysis.”
MethodOgbozor, P. A., Hutchinson, E., Goodman, C. A., McKee, M., Onwujekwe, O. E., & Balabanova, D. (2023) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czad048 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“We employed a sequential approach using a mix of qualitative research methods (Brewer and Hunter, 2006; Bazeley, 2012; Anguera et al. , 2018).”
MethodMcKeaveney, C., Noble, H. R., Carswell, C., Johnston, W. C., & Reid, J. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9081087 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brewer, J., & Hunter, A.
- Venue
- Sage eBooks
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Published
- 2006
- OpenAlex
- W2478874831
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.15
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sage eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
- Keywords
- multi-method research, mixed methods, research design, qualitative-quantitative integration
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